A; Artery
A2; Aortic Component of the Second Heart Sound(S2)
AA;
1) Aortic Arch(= Arcus Aortae)(= AA); 대동맥궁
2) Aplastic Anemia ? Anemia
3) Amino-Acid
4) Alcoholic Anonymous
5) Amyloid A protein
a.a.; ana; of each; 각각
AAMD; American Association on Mental Deficiency; 미국 정신 박약 협회
AAMD-ABS; American Association on Mental Deficiency-Adaptive Behavior Scale; 미국 정신 박약 협회 적응 행동 척도
AAT; Alpha(α)-Anti-Trypsin
AB, Ab;
1) Anti-body; 항체
2) Anti-Biotics; 항생제
ABA; Amino-Butyric Acid
Abd.; Abdomen; 복부
ABE; Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
ABGA; Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
abl; Abelson
ABO; Three Main Blood Types
ABPA; Allergic Broncho-Pulmonary Aspergillosis
ABR; Absolute Bed Rest
ABS; Adaptive Behavior Scale
ABVD; Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastin, Dacarbazine
AC;
1) Adenylate Cyclase
2) Abdominal Circumference
3) Air Conduction
Ac; Acute; 급성
a.c.; ante cibum; before meals; 식전
ACA; Anterior Cerebral Artery
Accom.; Accommodation; 순응
ACD;
1) Absolute Cardiac Dullness; 절대심둔탁음
2) Anemia of Chronic Disease
3) Acid Citrate Dextrose
4) Allergic Contact Dermatitis
5) Autosomal Co-Dominant
Acid.; Acidosis
ACE; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
= Kininase II
= Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase
ACGIH; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist; 미국 산업 위생사 협회
ACh; Acetyl-Choline
AChE; Acetyl-Cholin-Esterase
AChRs; Acetylcholine Receptors
A-COM; Anterior COMmunicating artery
ACP; ACid Phosphatase
ACR; Amylase-Creatinine Clearance Ratio
Urine Amylase Serum Cr
Cam/CCr = ??????????????? x ????????? x 100
Serum Amylase Urine Cr
* Normal; 1 - 4 %
* Acute Pancreatitis; > 6 %
ACTH; Adreno-Cortico-Tropic(=Tropin)(or steroid) Hormone
AD;
1) Alveolar Duct
2) Autosomal Dominant
3) Auris Dextra; Right Ear; 오른쪽 귀
ADA; Adenosine De-Aminase
ADC; AIDS Dementia Complex; AIDS 치매 복합
ADCC cell; Antibody Dependent Cellular(= Cell-Mediated) Cytotoxicity cell
ADD;
1) Attention Deficit Disorder
= Hyperkinetic Syndrome
2) Androstenediene
ADH;
1) Aldehyde De-Hydrogenase
= ALDH
2) Anti-Diuretic Hormone
= Vasopressin
ADHD; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; 주의력 부족 행동 과다 장애
ADI; Acute Drug Intoxication
ad lib; ad libitum; at pleasure; 원하는 대로
ADP; Adenosine Di-Phosphate
ADS; Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
ADSA; Arterial Digital Subtraction Angiography
AE; Above the Elbow
AEF; Amyloid Enhancing Factor
AER; Albumin Excretion Rate
AF; Atrial Fibrillation
Af; Atrial flutter
= AFL
AFB; Acid-Fast Bacillus(Type that causes Tuberculosis)
AFB Stain; Acid Fast Bacilli Stain
AFL; Atrial flutter
= Af
AFO; Ankle Foot Orthosis
AFP; Alpha(α) Feto-Protein [HP 1826, 1858, 1859, 2265]
; Oncofetal Antigens
; produced by the Liver & Gastrointestinal Tract Epithelium during Gestation
; fall to ≤ 20,000 ng/L(20 ng/mL) after Birth
; Utility; Monitoring Tumor Activity(esp. Testicular Tumor)
? 증가하는 경우
1. Liver Ca(Hepatocellular Carcinoma(70 %)); Hepatoma; very High
2. Endometrial Sinus Tumor
3. Immature Teratoma; Teratoblastoma of Ovary, Testis
4. Embryonal Ca
5. GIT Cancer(Neoplasms)의 Liver Metastasis
6. Normal Pregnancy
7. active Liver Disease
8. CNS Germ Cell Tumors
9. Metastatic Cancer of Unknown Origin
10. Testicular Cancer(Nonseminomatous); Majority
11. Benign Conditions; Inflammatory Disease of Liver
AG;
1) Amino-Glycoside
2) Anion Gap ? Anion Gap
Ag; Anti-gen
A/G; Amenorrhea/Galactorrhea
A/G ratio; Albumin/Globulin ratio; 알부민대 글로불린의 비율
AGA; Appropriate for Gestational Age; 적량아
AGC; Automatic Gain Control
AGE;
1) Arterial Gas Embolism
2) Acute Gastro-Enteritis
AGML; Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesion
AGN; Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis
AGP
AGT; Anti-Globulin Test
= Coombs' Test
AH;
1) Atrial Hypertrophy
2) Anti-Hyaluronidase
3) Amyloid immunoglobulin Heavy chain protein
AHA; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AHC; Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy
AHE; Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis
AHF; Anti-Hemophilic Factor
= AHG
AHG; Anti-Hemophilic Globulin
= AHF
AHI; Apnea-Hypopnea Index
AHO; Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy
AI;
1) Artificial Insemination
2) Aortic Insufficience(= -cy)(= Incompetence)
= AR
AIA; Aspirin Induced Asthma
AICA; Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery; Hemifacial Spasm
AICAR; Amino-Imidazole Carbox-Amide Ribotide
AICD; Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
AID;
1) Artificial Insemination Donor
2) Donor Artificial Insemination
AIDS; Acquired Immuno(Immune)-Deficiency Syndrome; 후천성 면역 결핍 증후군
AIIS; Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
AIH;
1) Artificial Insemination Husband
2) Homologous Artificial Insemination
AIHA; Auto-Immune Hemolytic Anemia
AILD; Angio-Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia
AION; Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
AIP; Acute Intermittent Porphyria; 급성 간혈증 Porphyria
AIS; Androgen Insensitive Syndrome
= Testicular Feminization Syndrome
AISA; Acquired Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia
= RARS
a.j.; ankle jerk; 비근경련, 과반사
AJC; American Joint Committee
AJCC; American Joint Committee on Cancer
AJKD; American Journal of Kidney Diseases
AK; Above the Knee
AL; Amyloid immunoglobulin Light chain protein
ALA; American Lung Association
ALAD; ALA Dehydratase
Alb.; Albumin
ALD; Adreno-Leuko-Dystrophy
ALDH; ALdehyde DeHydrogenase
= ADH
ALG; Anti-Lymphocyte Globulin
Alk.;
1) Alkalosis
2) Alkali
ALL; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
형태학적 분류
L1; Small, Homogenous(Child Type)
L2; Large, Heterogenous(Adult Type)
L3; Large, Homogenous Vacuolated(Burkitt's Type)
ALP; ALkaline Phosphatase
= AP
상승
1. Paget Disease
2. 골연화증
αHBe; Antibody against Hepatitis Be Antigen
αHBs; Antibody against Hepatitis B surface Antigen
ALS; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
ALT; ALanine Transaminase(aminoTransferase)
= SGPT
ALTE; Apparent Life-Threatening Event; 생명 위협 사건
= Near Miss
; 호흡 정지와 빈맥, 청색증, 창백, 의식장애가 있다가 성공적으로 소생시킨 사건
A.M.; Morning; 오전
AMA;
1) Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies
2) American Medical Association
AMG; α2 -Macroglobulin
AMI; Acute Myocardial Infarction
? Complications(Cx)
1. Early Cx
1) Arrythmia
2) Persistent Recurrent Chest Pain
3) Ventricular Dysfunction
4) Reversible Hypotension
5) Cardiogenic Shock
6) Pericarditis
7) Pulmonary or Systemic Embolism
8) VSD(a/c Ventricular Septal Perforation)
9) Acute MR(a/c Papillary Muscle Rupture)
10) External Cardiac Rupture
11) Emotional Response
2. Late Cx
1) HF(CHF)
2) Ventricular Aneurysm
3) Angina
4) Shoulder Hand Syndrome
5) Pseudoaneurysm
6) Dressler Syndrome
amidoPRT; amido-Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase
AML; Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Morphologic Classification(FAB분류)
1. M0; Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia
2. M1; AML without Differentiation(Maturation); Myeloblast Prominence
3. M2; AML with Differentiation(Maturation); Myeloblast & Promyelocyte
4. M3; Acute Promyelocyte Leukemia; Promyelocyte Predominate; DIC 가 잘생김
5. M4; Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia; Myelocyte & Monocyte
6. M5; Acute Monocytic Leukemia; Promonocyte or Undifferentiated Blast
* M4 & M5 ; Extramedullary Involve가 많다.
7. M6; Acute Erythroleukemia; Erythroblast(주) + Myeloblast(일부)
8. M7; Megakaryocytic Leukemia; Pleomorphic Undifferentiated
AMM; Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
AMP; Adenosine Mono-Phosphate
amp.; ample
AMPT; Alpha(α)-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine
AMS; Acute Mountain Sickness
ANA; Anti-Nuclear Antibody
ANCA; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody
ANF; Atrial Natriuretic Factors
ANSI; American National Standards Institute
Anti-ENA; Anti-Extractable Nuclear Antigens
Anti-LKM; Antibodies to Liver-Kidney Microsome
ANTU; Alpha(α)-Naphthyl-Thio-Urea
1) 합성 살서제
2) 회색분말
3) LD50; 6.9 mg/kg(BW)
4) 인축에 해는 적다.
Ao; Aorta
AOM; Acute Otitis Media
AP;
1) Alkaline Phosphatase
= ALP
2) Amyloid Plasma protein
3) Antero-Posterior; 전후의
A & P; Auscultation & Percussion; 청진(聽診) 및(과) 타진(打診)
APB; Atrial Premature Beat
APCs; Atrial PrematureContractions
APECED; Autoimmune Poly-Endocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy
APL; Abductor Pollicis Longus
APM; Acute Purulent Meningitis
APN; Acute Pyelo-Nephritis
APRT; Adenine Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase
APSAC;
1) Acylating the Plasminogen Streptokinase Activated Complex
2) Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex
= Anistreplase
APSGN; Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulo-Nephritis; 연쇄상 구균감염후 급성 사구체 신염
aPTT; activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
APUD; Amine Precursor Uptake & Decarboxylation
a.q.; aqua; Water; 물
AR;
1) Aortic Regurgitation
= AI
Echo소견
1. LVESD 증가
2. EF 증가
3. 승모판 전엽의 미세한 경련
4. MV의 Preclosure(급성 AR의 경우)
2) Aortic Response
3) Autosomal Recessive
1. Albinism
2. Hurler Syndrome
3. PKU
4. Tay-Sachs Disease
5. Galactosemia
6. Gaucher's Disease
7. Alkaptonuria
8. Wilson's Disease
4) Allergic Rhinitis
5) Attributable Risk; 귀속위험도
ARC; AIDS Related Complex; AIDS 관련 복합
ARDS; Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARF; Acute Renal Failure
ARL; Association of Research Libraries
ARMD; Age-Related Macular Degeneration; 노인성 황반 형성
ARS; Anti-Rabies Serum
ART; Automized Reagin antibody Test
AS;
1) Aortic Stenosis
; LV 와 Aorta 사이의 압력차
ΔP = 4V2(mmHg)
V; Aorta의 최고 혈류 속도(m/sec)
2) Alveolar Sac
3) Ankylosing Spondylitis
4) Alport Syndrome
5) Auris Sinistra; Left Ear; 왼쪽 귀
As; 비소
ASA, A.S.A.; Acetyl-Salicylic Acid(= Aspirin)
ASAB; Anti-Sperm Anti-Bodies
ASD; Atrial Septal Defect
Types of ASD
1. Ostium Primum ASD
2. Ostium Secundum ASD; mc
3. Sinus Venosus ASD
4. Coronary Sinus ASD
ASDC; Association of Sleep Disorders Centers; 미국 수면 질환 센터 협회
ASH; Asymmetric(al) Septal Hypertrophy
AsH3; Arsine
ASIS; Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
ASK; Anti-Strepto-Kinase
ASO;
1) Arterio-Sclerosis Obliterans
2) Anti-Streptolysin O; ? 166
AST; ASpartate Transaminase(aminoTransferase)
= SGOT
Astigm.; Astigmatism
ASTZ test; Anti-Strepto-Zyme Test
= ASZT
ASZT; Anti-Strepto-Zyme Test
= ASTZ
a.t.; acquisition time; 영상회복시간
= TR x N x Nex
TR; Time to Repeat
N; pixel(picture element)의 열의 수
Nex; Excitation회수
ATG; Anti-Thymocyte Globulin
ATL; Adult T cell Lymphoma
ATLL; Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
ATN; Acute Tubular Necrosis
ATP;
1) Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
2) Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
AU; Auris Uterque; Both Ears
198AU; Radioactive Gold(used in interstitial radio theraphy)
AV;
1) Azygo(u)s Vein(AV)(= Vena Azygo(u)s); 기정맥(奇靜脈)
1) Atrio-Ventricular
2) Aortic Valve
3) Arterio-Venous; 동정맥의
AV node; Atrio-Ventricular node; 방실 결절
0.1 sec Delay
AVF;
1) Arterio-Venous Fistula ? Arterio-Venous Fistula
2) Augmented Voltage Foot
AVH; Acute Viral hepatitis
AVL; Augmented Voltage Left arm
AVM; Arterio-Venous Malformation
AVN;
1) Atrio-Ventricular Node
2) AVascular Necrosis
AVP;
1) Active non apeptide(?)
2) Arginine Vaso-Pressin
AVR; Augmented Voltage Right arm
Frank N. Wilson
Lead I, II, III와 같은 크기의 EKG를 얻기 위해서는 EKG 기계의 전압을 증강(Augment)시켜야 한다는 것
AVT; Arginine Vaso-Tocin
AZT; AZidoThymidine
= ZDV
BA; Bore Area
Ba; Barium
Ba E; Barium Enema
BAE; Bronchial Artery Embolization
BAER; Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response(Potential)
BAL;
1) Brocho-Alveolar Lavage
2) British Anti-Lewisite
= Dimercaprol
BAN; Basle Anatomic Nomenclature; 바젤 해부학 명명법
= BNA
BAO; Basal Acid Output
BAS; Balloon Atrio-Septostomy
BATOs; Boronic Adducts of Technetium Oxine
BBB;
1) Bundle Branch Block
2) Blood Brain Barrier ? Blood Brain Barrier
BBBB; Bilateral Bundle Branch Block
BBT; Basal Body Temperature; 기초체온
BC; Bone Conduction
BCAA; Branched Chain Amino Acid
BCC; Basal Cell Carcinoma
BCG;
1) Bacillus(Bacille)-Calmette-Gurin
2) Bromo-Cresol Green
bcr; breakpoint cluster region
BCYE-α agar; Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract agar with α-ketoglutarate
BD; Behcet's Disease
BDR; Back-ground Diabetic Retinopathy
BE;
1) Bacterial Endocarditis
2) Base Excess
3) Below the Elbow
BEP; Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin
BERA; Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry
β-ABA; β-Amino-Butyric Acid
β-CCE; β-Carboline-3-Carboxy(lic) acid Ethylester
β-HCG(hCG); Beta(β)-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; 사람융모성성선자극호르몬
BFUe; erythroid Burst Forming Unit
BGT; Bender-Gestalt Test
BGU; Benign Gastric Ulcer
B-H Contraction; Braxton-Hicks Contraction
BH4; tetra-Hydrobiopterin
BI; Behavior Identity
BID, bid, b.i.d; Bis In Die; Twice a Day; 하루에 두번
BIN, bin, b.i.n.; Bis In Nocte; Twice A Night; 하루밤에 두번
BIP; Brochiolar Interstitial Pneumonia
B-J protein; Bence-Jones Protein
의의; Multiple Myeloma
BK; Below the Knee
BLS; Basic Life Support
BLV; Biologic Limit Value; 생물학적 허용한계
BM;
1) Bone Marrow
2) Basement Membrane
3) Bench-Mark; 수준 기표
b.m.; bowel movement; 장운동
BMD; Bone Mineral Density
BMR; Basal Metabolic Rate; 기초대사율
BMT; Bone Marrow Transplantation;골수 이식
BMZ; Basement Membrane Zone
BNA; Basle Nomina Anatomica; 바젤 해부학 명명법
= BAN
BOD; Biochemical Oxygen Demand; 생물학적 산소 요구량
; 1 L 수중의 유기물을 Bacteria 가 20 ℃에서 5일간 분해하는데 소비하는 산소의 양
; 물의 오염도 측정(ppm단위); 하수 오염의 지표완료
1. 제 1단계 BOD(BOD5); 탄소 화합물의 산화 완료까지 소비되는 산소량(7 - 10 일)
; ? 20 ppm
2. 제 2단계 BOD; 질소 화합물의 산화 완료까지 소비되는 산소량(100 일)
BOW; Back Of Water
BP;
1) Blood Pressure; 혈압
2) Bullous Pemphigoid
3) Benzathin Penicillin
4) Broncho-Pulmonary
bp; base pair; 염기쌍
BPD;
1) Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia; 기관지 폐이형성증
2) Bi-Parietal Diameter
BPF; Brocho-Pleural Fistula
BPH; Benign Prostate(Prostatic) Hypertrophy(Hyperplasia); 전립선 비대(증)
BPO; Benzyl-Penicilloyl
BPP; Bio-Physical Profile
BPPV; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
BPRS; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
BPT; Bronchial Provocation Test; 기관지 유발 시험
BPV; Benign Positional Vertigo
BrDU; 5-Bromo-Deoxy-Uridine
BRM; Biologic Response Modifiers; 생물학적 반응 조절제
BS;
1) Breath Sounds; 호흡음
2) Blood Sugar
3) Bile Salts
BSA; Body Surface Area; 체표면적
BSID; Boyley Scales of Infant Development; Boyley 유아 발달 척도
BSO; Bilateral Salping-Oophorectomy
BSP; Bromo-Sul-Phalein
BSS; Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
BST; Blood Sugar Test
BT;
1) Bleeding Time
2) Body Temperature
BTSS; Biopsy Tissue Scrub Smear
btw; by the way
B-T shunt; Blalock-Taussig shunt
B.T.U.; British Thermal Unit
BUN; Blood Urea Nitrogen; 혈액(중) 요소 질소
BUT; Break-Up Time
BV;
1) Blood Volume
2) Bacterial Vaginosis
B/W; Black/White
Bx, bx; Biopsy
BZ Disease; Brill Zinsser Disease
Bz-Ty-PABA test; N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-p-Amino-Benzoic Acid test
= Bentiromide test
= Tripeptide Hydrolysis test
C;
1) Complement
2) Centigrade; 섭씨
C.;
1) Candida
C. Albicans
C. Guilliermondi
C. Krusei
C. Parapsilosis
C. Tropicalis
2) Clostridium
C. Botulinum
C. Difficile
C. Perfringens(= C. Welchii)
C. Tetani; 파상풍균
3) Clonorchis; 간흡충(속)
C. Sinensis; 간흡충, 간디스토마
4) Cervical Vertebrae
C1; 1st Cervical Vertebrae
C2; 2nd Cervical Vertebrae
; cum; with; ~와 같이
CA-125; Cancer Antigen-125
Ca;
1) Carcinoma
2) Cancer; 암
3) Calcium
CABG; Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
CAF; Cytoxan, Adriamycin(= Doxorubicin), 5-FU
CAH;
1) Chronic Active Hepatitis
2) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
CALLA; Common Acute Lymphocytic(Lymphoblastic) Leukemia Antigen
= CD10
= Enkephalinase
CAMP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(Doxorubicin), Methotrexate, Procarbazine
cAMP; cyclic Adenosine Mono-Phosphate
cap.; capsula; capsule
CAP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(Doxorubicin), cis-Platinum
CAPD; Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
CARL; Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
CAT;
1) Computerized(= Computed) Axial Tomography
= CAT scan
= CT
2) Children Appenception Test
CAVH; Continous Arterio-Venous Hemodialysis
CAVHD; Continous Arterio-Venous Hemo-Dialysis
CBC, cbc; Complete Blood Count; 완전 혈구 계산
CBD; Common Bile Duct
? Absolute Ix of CBD Exploration
1. Palpable Stones
2. Jaundice with Cholangitis
3. Demonstration of Stones by Cholangiography
4. Dilatation of CBD > 12 mm
CBF; Cerebral Blood Flow
CBG; Cortisol-Binding Globulin
= Transcortin
cbl; cerebellar
= cbll
cbll; cerebellar
= cbl
cbr; cerebral
CC;
1) Chief Complaint; 주소(主訴), 주된 호소(불평)
2) Closing Capacity
CC = CV + RV
3) Cord Compression
cc; cubic centimeter; 1/1000 Liter
CCA; Common Carotid Artery
CCE; Carboline-3-Carboxy(lic) acid Ethylester
CCF;
1) Carotid(Carotico-) Cavernous Fistula
2) Crystal-induced Chemotactic Factor
CCK; Chole-Cysto-Kinin
CCK-8; Chole-Cysto-Kinin octapeptide
CCK-Pz; CholeCystoKinin-Pancreozymin
CCl4; Phosgene
CCPD; Continous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis
Ccr; Creatinine Clearance; 80 - 90 ml/min
CCR; Creatine Clearance Rate; 3.0 - 3.5 gm/24 hr
CCT; Cephalic Cholestol Test
CCU; Coronary(= Cardiac) Care Unit; 관(상)(동맥)질환집중치료(병동)(관상동맥질환집중 治療病棟), 관(상)(동맥)질환감시병실(관상동맥疾患監視病室), 심장병 집중 치료실
= Nursing Unit
CD; Cluster of Differentation
Cd; Cadmium
CDC;
1) Cheno-Deoxy-Cholic acid
= CDCA
2) Center for Disease Control & Prevention
CDCA; Cheno-Deoxy-Cholic Acid
= CDC
CDH;
1) Chronic Daily Headache
= CTH
= DCH
= DMH
= TFM
2) Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
3) Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
4) Congenital Heart Disease
CDR; Crude Death Rate; 보통사망률
CE; Cholesterol Ester
CE angle; Center-Edge angle
CEA; Carcino-Embryonic Antigen [HP 1825-6]
; Oncofetal Antigens
; Glycoprotein(MW 180,000)
; Normal; 2500 ng/L(2.5 ng/mL)
1. concentrated in the Glycocalyx of epithelial Cells
2. released into the Lumen of the Bowel
; Malignancy
1. concentrations elevated in the Blood & other Body Fluids
; 1. Specific for Bowel Cnacer
2. Nonspecific Tumor-associated Antigen
3. Benign Conditions
; Not selective for Cancer
Not Used in Screening for Malignancy
; Sereal measurement; Treatments & the Recurrence of Disease
? 의의(in Colon Ca)
1) F/U시 이용; Metastasis or recurrence
2) Metastasis 판정
3) Little Value in Dx
? 증가하는 경우
1) Neoplasm(≥ 50 %) of
1> Colon
2> Pancreas
3> Lung
4> Breast
5> Stomach
2) Nonmalignant Conditions; Not over 10,000 ng/L(10ng/mL)
1> Cigarette Smoking
2> Chronic Pulmonary Disease
3> Liver Cirrhosis; Alcoholic
4> Hepatitis
5> Inflammatory Bowel Disease
6> Uremia
CEP; Congenital Erythropoetic Porphyria(= Gnther Disease; 선천성 조혈기성 Porphyria
CER; Conditioned Emotional Response; 조건화 감정 반응
CF;
1) Cystic Fibrosis
2) Complement Fixing antibody
3) Conversion Factor
C/F; Clinical Finding
CF test; Complement Fixation test; 보체결합법
CFC; Freon; 오존층파괴
CFCs; Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons
CFS; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
CFU; Colony Forming Unit
CFUe; erythroid Colony Forming Unit
CFV; Call For Vote
CGD; Chronic Granulomatous Disease; 만성 육아종 질환
c.gl.; correction with glasses
cGMP; cyclic Guanosine Mono-Phosphate
CGRP; Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide(Protein)
CGRPs; Calcitonin Gene-Related Products
CH50; Hemolytic Complement 50; 용혈 보체 검사법; (30)50 - (40)(66)80 Unit/mL
CHA; Common Hepatic Artery
CHAMOCA; Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxyuria, Actinomycin-D, MTX, Folic Acid, Adriamycin
CHARGE Associations;
Coloboma
Heart disease
Atresia choanae
Retared growth & development or CNS anomalies
Genital anomalies &/or hypogonadism
Ear anomalies &/or deafness Associations
CHD;
1) Congenital Heart Disease
2) Common Hepatic Duct
CHF; Congestive Heart Failure; 울혈성 심마비
CHOP; Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisolone
Chr; Chronic; 만성
CHS;
1) Cholinesterae
2) Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
CI;
1) Corporate Identity
2) Completed Infarction
3) Cardiac Index
CIC; Circulating Immune Complexes
CID;
1) Carpal Instability Dissociative; 해리성 주근관절 불안정성
2) Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
CIDP; Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Poly(radiculo)neuropathy
CIE; Counter(current) Immuno-Electrophoresis; 역면역 전기 영동법
CIN; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
CIND; Carpal Instability Nondissociative; 불해리성 주근관절 불안정성
CIS; Carcinoma In Situ
CISCA; CISplastin, Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin(=Doxorubicin)
CK;
1) Creatine Kinase
2) Creatinine Phosphokinase
Ck; Check; 조사
CK-MB; Creatine Kinase MB Fraction
CL; Capillary Loops
CLD; Chronic Lung Disease; 만성폐질환
CLH; Chronic Lobular Hepatitis
CLIP; Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Peptide
CLL; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
CLO; 의복의 열차단 단위
1 CLO; 기온 21℃, 기습 50 %, 기류 5cm/sec에서 Metabolic Rate 50 Kcal/m2/Hr로 피부온도가 33℃로 유지 될때의 의복의 방한력
0.18℃
1 CLO = ??????????
Cal/m2/Hr
보통작업복; 1 CLO
우수한 방한복; 4 - 5 CLO
CM;
1) Chlor-aMphenicol
2) Chylo-Micron
cM; centi-Morgan
1 cM; 1회의 Meiosis때 recombination이 일어날 확률이 1 % 인 경우 두 유전자사이의 거리
대략 1백만 염기쌍의 거리
cm; centimeter; 1/1000 meter
CMD; Cerebro-Macular Degeneration
CMF; Cytoxan(or Cyclophosphamide), MTX, 5-FU
CMG; Cysto-Metro-Gram; 방광내압곡선
CMI;
1) Cornell Medical Index
2) Cell-Mediated Immunity
CML; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
* Lymphoid Blastic Crisis(? 1/3)시 치료는 ALL에 준해서
1. Vincristine
2. Prednisone
3. L-Asparaginase
4. Daunorubisin
CMML; Chronic Myelo-Monocytic Leukemia
CMO; Corticosteroid Methyl-Oxidase
CMOS; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMP; Cardio-Myo-Pathy
CMT; Cervical Mucous Test
CMV;
1) Cyto-Megalo-Virus
Presents
1. Milk
2. Urine
3. Saliva
4. Feces
5. Semen
6. Cervical Discharge
2) Controlled Mechanical Ventilation
CN; Cranial Nerve
CNPV; Continuous Negative Pressure Ventilation
CNS; Central Nervous System; 중추신경계
CO;
1) Cardiac Output
= Stroke Volume x HR
Stroke Volume 결정인자
1) Preload (LV 에 최대로 Blood가 들어왔을때 Volume)
2) Myocardial Contractility
3) Afterload(Aorta로 Blood 내보내기 위해 LV가 생성해야 하는 Force)
2) Carbon Monoxide; 일산화탄소
CO 급성중독의 증상
혈액중 HbCO농도(%) 증상
0 - 10 증상없음
10 - 20 전두부 긴장감
경한 두통
피부혈관 확장
20 - 30 두통
측두부 맥동(Throbbing)
30 - 40 심한 두통
권태
현기
시력저하
구역/구토
허탈
40 - 50 호흡 & 맥박 증가
가사
허탈
50 - 60 호흡 & 맥박 증가
가사
혼수
경련
Cheyne-Stokes호흡
60 - 70 혼수
경련
심장박동 & 호흡이 약해지고 사망하기 쉽다.
70 - 80 호흡곤란으로 사망
측정법; Van Kampen법
CO2; Carbon Dioxide; 이산화탄소; 지구온난화
CoA; Coarctation of Aorta
? Complications
1. Severe Hypertension
2. Cerebral Aneurysm & Hemorrhage
3. Rupture of Aorta
4. LV Failure
5. Infective Endocarditis
6. Paraplegia, Hemiplegia
COD;
1) Choice Of Drug
2) Cause Of Death
3) Chemical O2 Demand; KMnO4 or K2Cr2O2등의 산화제에 의하여 수중에 유기물및 산화성 물질의 양을 나타내는데 사용(COD > BOD)
COLD; Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
COM; Chronic Otitis Media
COMT; Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase
COPD; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환
COWS; Cold Opposite, Warm Same
CP; Central Pool
Cp; Concentration of plasma; plasma의 농도
CP angle; Cerebello-Pontine angle
CPA; Chest Postero-Anterior
CPA tumor; Cerebello-Pontine Angle(소뇌교각부) tumor
CPAP; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CPB; Cardiopulmonary Bypass
CPBA; Competitive Protein Binding Assay
CPC; Clinico-Pathological Conference; 임상병리검토회
CPD; Cephalo-Pelvic Disproportion; 아두 골반 불균형
C-Peptide; Connecting Peptide
CPH; Chronic Persistent Hepatitis
CPIP; Chronic Pulmonary Insufficiency of Premature; 미숙아 만성 폐부전
CPK; Creatinine Phospho-Kinase
< 25(60)(200)(240) Unit
증가하는 경우
1. AMI; MB Fraction증가; 1일에 최고치, 2 - 3일 지나면 정상화
CPP; Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
CPPD; Calcium Pyro-Phosphate Dihydrate
CPPV; Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation
CPR; Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
CPS; Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase
CPZ; Chloropromazine
CR;
1) Complete Response
2) Close Reduction
Cr; Chromium
Cr, cr; creatinine
C/R; Close Reduction
CR Length; Crown to Rump Length
CRAO; Central Retina Artery Occlusion
CREG; Cross REactive Group (of HLA Antigens)
CREST Syndrome;
1. Calcinosis cutis
2. Raynaud's phenomenon
3. Esophageal dysfunction
4. Sclerodactyly
5. Telangiectasia Syndrome
CRF;
1) Chronic Renal Failure
2) Corticotropin-Releasing Factor
CRH; Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
CRL; Crown-Rump Length
CRP; C-Reactive Protein; ? 0.06 mg/dL
CRS; Chinese Restaurant Syndrome
CRST Syndrome;
1. Calcinosis
2. Raynaud's Phenomenon
3. Sclerodactyly
4. Telangiectasia Syndrome
CS, Cs;
1) Cycloserine
2) Cesarean Section
CS2; 이황화탄소
C/S; Cesarean Section
C-Section; Cesarean Section
CSA;
1) Cell Surface Antigen
2) Central Sleep Apnea
CSF;
1) Cerebro-Spinal Fluid; 뇌척수액
2) Colony Stimulating Factor
CSF-1; Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
CSII; Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
CSM;
1) Carotid Sinus Massage
2) Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis; 뇌척수막염
CSR;
1) Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
2) Central Supply Room; 중앙공급실
CST; Contraction Stress Test
CT;
1) Computed(Computer) Tomography(-gram); 컴퓨터 단층 촬영
= CAT
2) Cloting Time
3) Chronic Thyroiditis
4) Connective Tissue
5) Cholera Toxin
CTCL; Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
CTD; Connective Tissue Disease
CTH; Chronic Tension Headache
CTL; Cytotaxic T Lymphocyte
CTR; Cardio-Thoracic Ratio
CTx; Chemotherapy
CU; Clinical Unit
cu; cubic; 입방의
CV;
1) Closing Volume
2) Cardio-Vascular; 심장혈관의
CVA;
1) Cardio-Vascular Accident(Attack)
2) Cerebro-Vascular Accident(Attack); 뇌졸증(중), 뇌혈관 손상
= CVD
3) Costo-Vertebral Angle
CVB; Chorionic Villus Biopsy
CVD;
1) Cerebro-Vascular Disease; 심장 혈관병(증)
= CVA
= Stroke; 중풍, 뇌졸증
2) Cardio-Vascular Disease; 심장혈관병(증)
CVH; Chronic Viral Hepatitis
CVP; Central Venous Pressure
CVS;
1) Cardio-Vascular System; 심장 혈관계
2) Chronic Villi Sampling; 융모막 채취
CWP; Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
= Black Lung
CWRS; Case Western Reserve University
Cx;
1) Complication
2) Cervix(= Cervical); 경(頸)
CXR; Chest X-Ray
CZI; Crystalline Zinc Insulin
D.; Diplococcus; 쌍구균(속)
D. gonorrhoeae; 임질쌍구균
D. intracellularis; 세포내(뇌막염)쌍구균
D. pneumoniae; 폐렴쌍구균, 페렴구균
DAF; Decay Accelerating Factor
DAG; Di-Acyl-Gylcerol
DAo; Descending Aorta
DAP; Dialysis Associated Pericarditis
DAP test; Draw-A-Person test; 인물화 검사
DASD; Direct Access Storage Device
= RAM
dB; decibel; 음파의 전파 방향에 수직한 단위 면적을 단위시간에 통과하는 음의 에너지량 또는 음의 압력; 소리의 세기
P
= 20 log ???
Po
P; 측정한 음압
Po; 기준 음압; 2 x 10-5 N/m2
DBH; Dopamine-Beta(β)-Hydroxylase
DBP; Diastolic Blood Pressure
DC;
1) Direct Current
2) Diffusion Capacity
D & C; Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage; 소파술
D/C;
1) Dis-Charge
2) Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage
3) Dis-Continue; 중지
D/C/B; Dilatation(Dilation) & Curretage & Biopsy
DCH; Daily Chronic Headache
DCS; De-Compression Sickness
DDAVP; 1-Desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin
= Desmopression
DDC; L-Dopa De-Carboxylase
ddC; di-deoxy-Cytidine
DDD; Degenerative Disc Disease
ddI; di-deoxy-Inosine
DDN NIC;
DDS; 4,4'-Diamino-Diphenyl-Sulfone
= Dapsone
DDST; Denver Developmental Screening Test; Denver 발달 평가 검사(발육 선별 검사)
DDx; Differential Diagnosis
DEA; Dual Energy Absorptiometry
DEJ; Dermal-Epidermal Junction
δ-ALA; δ-Amino-Levulinic Acid
δ-ALAD; δ-Amino-Levulinic Acid Dehydratase
Derm.; Dermatology
DES; Di-Ethyl-Stilbestrol
DEV; Duck Embryo Vaccine
DFA; Direct Fluorescent Antibody
DG; Diacyl-Glycerol
DH;
1) Diffuse Histiocytic
2) DeHydrogenase
DHE; Di-Hydro-Ergotamine
DHEA; Di-Hydro-Epi-Androsterone
DHEAS; Di-Hydro-Epi-Androsterone Sulfate
DHF; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
DHFR; DiHydroFolate Reductase
DHT; Di-Hydro-Testosterone
DI;
1) Diabetes Insipidus
2) Discomfort Index; 불쾌 지수
= 0.72(ta + tw) + 40.6(섭씨로 표시시)
= 0.4(ta + tw) + 15(화씨로 표시시)
??ta; 건구 온도
??tw; 습구 온도
? 70; 다소 불쾌감
? 75; 50 % 이상의 사람에서 불쾌감
? 79; 100 % 에서 불쾌감
? 80; 불쾌감이 아주 심하다.
DIC; Disseminated(=Diffuse) Intravascular Coagulation syndrome; 파종성혈관내응고(播種性血管內凝固) 증후군
= Consumption Coagulopathy
DICC;
Diff.; Differential count; 백혈구 감별 계산
= diff. count
diff. count; differential count; 백혈구 감별 계산
= Diff.
dil.; dilue; dilute; 희석하다.
DILD; Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease; 미만성 간질성 폐질환
DILS; Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome
DIMS; Disorders of Initiating & Maintaining Sleep; 입면장애 및 수면 유지 장애; 불면증
DIP;
1) Drip Infusion Pyelography
2) Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
3) Distal Inter-Phalangeal
DIP joint; Distal Inter-Phalangeal joint
DIS; Diagnostic Interview Schedule; 미국 NIMH 고안
DISC;
; Supratentorial Lesion(brain lesion)시
??Destructive lesion --> Ipsilateral
??Seizure lesion --> Contralateral
; Infratentorial Lesion(Pons Lesion)시는 반대로
DISH; Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
DIT; Diet Induced Thermogenesis
= Thermic Effect of Food
= Specific Dynamic Action
DJD; Degenerative Joint Disease; 퇴행성 관절질환
= Degenerative Arthritis; 퇴행성 관절염
= Osteoarthritis(OA); 골관절염
= Osteoarthrosis; 골관절증
DKA; Diabetic Keto-Acidosis
DL; Diffuse Lymphoblastic
DLE; Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
DM;
1) Diabetes Mellitus
2) Dermato-Myositis
DMARDs; Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
DMD; Duchenne type Muscular Dystrophy; 악성형 Duchenne형 근이영양증
DMH; Daily Mixed Headache
DMLH; Diffuse Mixed Lymphocytic Histiocytic
DMPEA; 3,4-Di-Methoxy-Phenyl-Ethyl-Amine
DMT; Di-Methyl-Triptamine
DNA; Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid
DNCB; Di-Nitro-Chloro-Benzene
DNS; Domain Name System
DO; Dissolved Oxygen; 용존산소
; 수중 DO는 오염 판정의 기본이 되는 지표
1. 온도 ? ? DO ?
2. BOD, COD ? ? DO ?
오염된 수중에서는 소비되는 O2량이 많으므로 물이 깨끗할수록 그 온도에서의 포화량에 가깝게 함유된다.
DOA; Death(Dead) On Arrival; 도착시 사망함; 응급실에 도착했을 당시에 이미 사망한 상태에 있는 경우
DOC;
1) Drug Of Choice
2) Diagnosis Of Choice
3) De-Oxy-Cortisterone
DOCA; De-Oxy-Corticosterone Acetate
DOE; Dyspnea On Exercise
DOES; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; 과다 수면 장애
DOLV; Double Outlet Left Ventricle
DOM; Dimeth-Oxy-Methyl amphetamine
DOPA; 3,4-Dihydr-Oxy-Phenyl-Alanine
DORV; Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Doz; Dozens; 1다스, 1타(打), 12개
DP; Driving Pressure
DPA; Dual Photon Absorptiometry
DPC; Distal Palmar Crease
DPCC; Di-Palmitoyl Phosphatidyl Choline
DPDL; Diffuse Poorly Differentiated Lymphocytic
DPG; Di-Phospho-Glycerate
= 2,3-DPG
DPL; Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
DPN; DiPhosphopyridine Nucleotide
DPT; Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus; 디프테리아, 백일해, 파상풍
DPX; Dual Photon X-Ray
Dr.; Doctor; 의사
DRG; Dorsal Root Ganglia
DS;
1) Dead Space
2) Dehydroisoandrosterone Sulfate
DSA; Digital Subtraction Angiography
= DVI
DSIP; Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide
DSM; Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
DSS;
1) Double Simultaneous Stimulation
2) Dengue Shock Syndrome
DST;
1) Donor Specific Transfusion
2) Dexamethasone Suppression Test
DT;
1) Delirium Tremens
2) Diphtheria, Tetanus; 디프테리아, 파상풍 혼합 백신
d/t; associated with
D3; Disialoganglioside
DTIC; Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide
; Alkylating Agent
DTP; Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis 디프테리아, 파상풍, 백일해 혼합 백신
DTPA; Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid
DTR; Deep Tendon Reflex
*** Deep Tendon Reflex(DTR)의 Center ***
1. 하악 반사; Jaw Jerk 뇌교; Pons
2. 이두건 반사; Biceps Jerk C5-6
3. Supinator Jerk C5-6
4. 삼두건 반사; Triceps Jerk C6-8
5. Abdominal Jerk T5-12
6. Cremasteric Jerk L1-2
7. 슬부건 반사; Knee Jerk L2-4
8. 족관절건 반사; Ankle Jerk S1-2
DUB; Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
DUL; Diffuse Undifferentiated Lymphoblastic
DVI; Digital Vascular Imaging
= DSA
DVT; Deep Vein Thrombosis
DW, D.W.; Distilled Water; 증류수
D/W; Dextrose in Water
DWDL; Diffuse Well Differentiated Lymphocytic
Dx; Diagnosis; 진단
Dz; Dozens; 1다스, 1타(打), 12개
E;
1) Expiration
2) Electrolyte
E.; Escherichia
E. Coli; Escherichia Coli; 대장균
E1; Estrone; 폐경후 주된 Estrogen
E2; Estradiole; 폐경전 주된 Estrogen
E3; Estriol; 임신시 주된 Estrogen
가임기 여성; E3/(E1 + E2) = 1
임신시 여성; E3/(E1 + E2) = 10
EA;
1) Esophageal Atresia
Types
1. Esophageal Atresia with Distal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; C; 85 %; mc
2. Esophageal Atresia without Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; A; 8 %
3. Isolated Tracheoesophaseal Fistula(H-Type); E; 4 %
4. Esophageal Atresia with Proximal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; B; 1 %
5. Esophageal Atresia with Proximal & Distal Tracheoesophaseal Fistula; D; 2 %
2) Early Antigen
EACA; Epsillon(ε)-AminoCaproic Acid
EAE; Early Asthmatic Effect
EAEC; Entero-Adherent Escherichia Coli
EBNA; Epstain-Barr Nuclear Antigen
EBV; Epstein-Barr Virus
EC; Extra-Cranial
ECA; External Carotid Artery
ECC; Endo-Cervical Curettage
ECCE; Extra-Capsular Cataract Extraction
ECD; Endocardial Cushion Defect
ECF;
1) Eosinophilic Chemotatic Factors
2) Extra-Cellular Fluid; 세포 외액
ECG; Electro-Cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도
= EKG
1. Conducting System Structures
1) SA Node(SAN; 동(방)결절); Pacemaker
1> RA 의 Posterior Wall or Superior Wall
2> 가늘고 긴 계란 모양
3> 방실결절(AVN)보다 크다.
2) Internodal Tracts(결절간 전도로) (P 74)
1> Anterior Internodal Tract; Bachmann's Bundle
2> Middle Internodal Tract(= Wenckebach's Bundle)
3> Posterior Internodal Tract(= Thorel's Pathway)
3) AV Node(AVN; 방실결절)
1> 전도 속도; 200 mm/sec = 0.2 m/sec
2> 0.1 sec Delay
3> 계란형
4> 동방결절 절반 이하의 크기
5> 심방 중격 우측에 위치
4) Atrioventricular Tract
5) AV Bundle(방실속)(= Bundle of His)
6) Bundle Branch
1> Right Bundle Branch
2> Left Bundle Branch
i) Anterior Branch; Posterior Branch에 비해서 길고 가늘며 Left Ventricle의 전방, 상방으로 흥분을 전달
ii) Posterior Branch; 짧고 굵은 가지, Left Ventricle의 후, 하방으로 흥분을 전달
7) Purkinje Fiber; 전도 속도; 4,000 mm/sec = 4 m/sec
@ 전도 속도
Atrium(심방근); 1,000 mm/sec = 1 m/sec
Ventricle(심실근); 400 mm/sec = 0.4 m/sec
2. Blood Supply System Structures
1) Right Coronary Artery(RCA); ? Right Cusp of Aortic Valve
1> SA node
2> AV node
3> Bundle of His
4> Posterior Wall of Left Ventricle
5> Right Ventricle
6> Posterior Division of Left Bundle Branch
2) Left Coronary Artery(LCA); ? Left Cusp of Aortic Valve
1> Right Bundle Branch
2> Anterior Division of Left Bundle Branch
3> Anterior Descending Branch
4>
3. Components
@ Segment(분절); Baseline(기선)부
@ Interval(간격); Wave(파) 까지 포함
1) P Wave; Atrial Hypertrophy 를 Check
1> Atrial Depolarization, Atrial Contraction
2> Lead II; The Tallest P Wave
Lead III, AVL; The Smallest P Wave
AVR; Inverted P Wave
3> Normal;
Height ≤ 2.4 mm
Duration ≤ 0.11 sec
2) PP Interval; P Wave ~ P Wave; 심방 박동수
3) F Wave; Flutter Wave
4) PR Interval; AV Block을 진단
1> P Wave 의 시작 ~ QRS Complex 의 시작
2> 심방 흥분에서부터 Purkinje Fiber에 흥분파가 도달할때까지의 시간
심방의 탈분극과 방실전도에 걸리는 시간
3> Normal; 0.12 - 0.20 sec
4> Abnormal
< 0.12 sec; 심방전도촉진
> 0.20 sec; 1o AV Block
5) 심실흥분시간(VDT)
1> QRS Complex 개시 ~ R Wave 꼭지점까지
2> 탈분극파가 심장의 안쪽(심내막)에서 바깥쪽(심외막)까지 전달되는데 걸리는 시간
6) QRS Complex; Bundle Branch Block을 진단
; Ventricular Depolarization, Ventricular Contraction
; Axis 결정
; Normal; 0.04 - 0.11 sec
1> Q Wave; R Wave의 앞에 있는 음성파
; Normal 로는 거의 없다(예외, AVR)
i) Insignificant Q Wave; small Q Wave in I, II, V5,6
ii) Significant Q Wave
Wide ≥ 1 mm(0.04 sec) or
Height ≥ 1/3 of QRS Complex
Myocardial Infarction
2> R Wave; 양성파
3> S Wave; R Wave에 잇달아 있는 음성파
4> Ta Wave
i) Atrial Repolarization
ii) P Wave 와는 반대 방향
iii) QRS Complex와 일치되어 거의 볼수 없다.
4> QS Wave
5> QR Wave
6> RS Wave
7> RSR'S' Wave
7) RR Interval; 심실박동수
8) QT Interval
1> QRS Complex 의 시작 ~ T Wave 끝까지
2> 심실의 탈분극과 재분극을 모두 포함하는 시간
9) J Point
10) ST Segment; QRS Complex의 끝 ~ T Wave의 시작점
@ ST Segment Depression
1> Digitalis Intoxication
2> Positive Master's Test; 관상동맥질환이 의심되는 환자가 운동하는 것
3> Anterior Wall Subendocardial Infarction
4> Unstable Angina 에 Pain이 있을 시; No Pain시는 ST Segment Normal
5> Acute Posterior Wall Infarction
11) T Wave; Ventricular Repolarization
12) U Wave
1> Ventricle 의 지연 Repolarization
2> T Wave 뒤에
3> T Wave 와 같은 방향
4> 보이는 경우; Hypokalemia, Quinidine
4. Leads
1) Limb Leads; Frontal Plane; Axis 결정
@ Standard Lead; Bipolar Lead
1> Lead I; RA(-) LA(+); Axis Deviation
2> Lead II; RA(-) LF(+)
3> Lead III; LA(-) LF(+)
@ Augmented Lead; Unipolar Lead
4> AVR; RA(+) LA, LF, RF(-); Normal Inverted T Wave, Normal Large Q Wave; Lead II와 반대
5> AVL; LA(+) RA, LF, RF(-)
6> AVF; LF(+) RA, LA, RF(-); Axis Deviation
2) Chest Leads(= Precordial Lead); Horizontal Plane; Unipolar Lead
* 우측 흉부 유도(Right Chest Leads); Right BBB Check; Right Ventricle 위에
1> V1; 4th Intercostal Space, Right Sternal Border; Hypertrophy
2> V2; 4th Intercostal Space, Left Sternal Border; AV Node 의 Front
* 심실중격위에 위치(Septal Lead; 중격유도); Interventricular Septum위에
; Transitional Zone(이행부위); QRS Complex 에서 R Wave와 S Wave의 높이가 같아지는 곳
3> V3; Between V2 & V4
4> V4; 5th Intercostal Space, Left Midcalvicular Line
* 좌측 흉부 유도(Left Chest Leads); Left BBB; Left Ventricle위에 놓인다.
5> V5; 5th Intercostal Space, Anterior Axillary Line
6> V6; 5th Intercostal Space, Middle Axillary Line
@ Einthoven's Triangle
RA - LA - LF
@ Einthoven's Law; QRS Complex의 상하 진폭의 합
Lead II = Lead I + Lead III
5. Rates; Normal; 80/min
1) Pacemakers
1> SA Node
2> Ectopic(= Potential) Pacemaker; Inherent Rates
i) Atrial(= Idioatrial); 75/min
ii) AV node(= Idionodal); 60/min; P Wave가 없다.
iii) Ventricular(= Idioventricular); 30 - 40/min
2) Emergency Rates; 150 - 250/min
3) Sinus Tachycardia; > 100/min, Regular Rhythm
4) Sinus Bradycardia; < 60/min, Regular Rhythm
5) 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50
250, 136, 94, 71
214, 125, 88, 68
187, 115, 83, 65
167, 107, 79, 62
6) 3 Second Marks; x 20
6 Second Strips; x 10
6. Rhythm
1) Arrhythmia(Varying Rhythm)
1> Sinus Arrhythmia
i) 관상동맥질환에 의해서
Coronary Artery Disease
Sick Sinus node Disease
ii) Pacemaker; SA node
iii) Varying rhythm
iv) P Waves Identical; 모든 P Wave는 동일
2> Wandering Pacemaker
i) Varying rhythm
ii) P Wave Shape Changes
2) Extra Beats & Skips
1> Premature Beats; 기외수축
= Premature Contractions(조기수축)
= Extrasystoles
= Ectopic Beats
= Ectopic Contractions(이소성수축)
; Ectopic Pacemaker에서 발생되어 심방주기보다 조기에 일어나는 심장수축
i) Atrial Premature; Abnormal P Waves
* 진단 기준
심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.
P Wave 가 동성 P Wave와는 다르다.
Normal QRS Complex
ii) Nodal Premature Contractions
* 진단 기준
심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.
정상 PR Interval보다 짧은 PR Interval을 가진 P Wave가 QRS Complex앞에 온다.
or Inverted P Wave
Normal QRS Complex
??SAN
??AVN
iii) Ventricular Premature(= Paroxysmal Ventricular Contractions(PVC))
Wide QRS Complex
Large QRS Complex
following Compensatory Pause
1 or 2 이상의 normal Beats와 coupled
e.g) Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigeminy 등등 [P 94]
대개 정상 T Wave 다음에 생긴다. T Wave와 겹친다면 굉장히 불안정한 순간이며 위험한 부정맥이 유발될수도 있다.
* 진단 기준
심장주기보다 빨리 일어난다.
No Ectopic P Wave
Wide(≥ 0.12 sec) QRS Complex
iv) Parasystole
2> Escape Beats(보충수축); Ectopic Pacemaker에서 발생되어 심방주기보다 늦게 나타나는 수축
i) Atrial Escape; P Wave 모양이 다르다.
ii) AV nodal(= Junctional, Idionodal) Escape
; 6개 이상의 연속되는 40 - 60/min
* 원인
동성 자극이 일어나지 않거나
자극 전도 차단이 있어서 동성 자극이 전달되지 않는 경우
* 진단 기준
정상심장주기보다 늦게 나타난다.
정상 QRS Complex
No P Wave Response or Inverted P Wave가 QRS Complex에 앞서거나 뒤서거나 또는 그렇지 않거나 동성 P Wave가 선행하는 경우 PR Interval이 짧아진다.
* Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
; 6개 이상 연속으로 일어나는 40 - 100/min의 심실성기외수축
iii) Ventricular Escape Rhythm
; 6개 이상의 연속되는 ≤ 40/min의 심실성보충수축
PVC type Ventricular Response
* 진단 기준
정상심장주기보다 늦게 나타난다.
No Ectopic P Wave
Wide QRS Complex
≤ 40/min
iv) Escape Rhythm;
3> Sinus Arrest
4> Sinus Exit Block
i) Bradycardia
ii) No P Waves
iii) Tx; Permanent Artificial Pacemaker
3) Rapid Rhythm
1> (Paroxysmal) Tachycardia; 150 - 250/min
i) Sinus Tachycardia
원인; 흥분, 운동, 자극제(Stimulating Drug), Shock
ii) (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia(= PAT); 6개 이상의 APCs가 140 - 220/min로 일어나는 경우
* 진단 기준
최초의 자극은 조기에 일어난다.
이소성 P Wave는 동성 P Wave와 다르다.
Normal QRS Complex
Regular PR Interval
Ventricular rate; 140 - 220/min
@ (Paroxysmal) Atrial Tachycardia with Block; Atrial Tachycardia가 ≤ 180/min가 되면 심방흥분이 모두 AVN과 Ventricle에 전달되나 그 이상이 되는 경우 선행하는 흥분에 의해 방실결절이 불응기가 되어 Ectopic P Wave가 AVN을 지나지 못하는 경우
; 6개 이상이 일련의 APCs
원인; Digitalis 중독시
P Wave Small, Spiked & Up in Lead II & III
ST Segment Isoelectric
각 QRS Complex에 대해 하나 이상의 P Wave
@ Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia(Chaotic Atrial Rhythm)
; Atria에 2개 이상의 Ectopic Pacemaker
Rate; 100 - 200/min
Abnormal P Wave
* 진단 기준
조기에 Multiple Ectopic P Wave
Irregular PR Interval
Blocked P Wave
Normal QRS Complex
Atrial Rate; 100 - 200/min
iii) (Paroxysmal) Nodal(= Junctional) Tachycardia(= PNT)
@ Junctional Tachycardia
; 6개 이상의 접합부성기외수축이 빠르게 연속되어 일어나는 경우
Rate; 60 - 160/min
* 진단 기준
Inverted P Wave가 QRS Complex에 선행되거나 그 직후에 일어나거나 또는 No P Wave
Normal QRS Complex
Rate; 60 - 160/min
@ Junctional Accelerated Tachycardia; Rate; 160 - 220/min
iv) (Paroxysmal) Ventricular Tachycardia; 4(or 6)개 이상의 일련의 PVC
coronary artery disease 시에
DDx; Bundle Branch Block + Supraventricular Tachycardia
* 진단 기준
최초 심박은 초기에 일어난다.
No Ectopic P Wave
Wide QRS Complex
Rate; 100 - 250/min
v) Supraventricular Tachycardia
PAT & PNT
2> Flutter
@ Atrial Flutter(심방조동)
i) Single Ectopic Atrial Focus
ii) 250 - 300/min or 220 - 350/min
iii) 꺼꾸로 돌려보면 더욱 전형적인 모양이 된다
iv) F Wave(Flutter Wave; 조동파); Saw-Tooth Baseline
v) Varying Rhythm
vi) No real P Waves but,
Multiple Ectopic Atrial Spikes
vii) 진단 기준
F Wave; 220 - 350/min
심실의 반응
전도율이 일정한 경우; Regular
전도율이 변화하는 경우; Irregular
Normal QRS Complex
@ Ventricular Flutter
i) 200 - 300/min or 150 - 300/min
ii) Smooth Sine Curve; QRS Complex
iii) 진단 기준
No Atrial Response; No P Wave
No ST Segment, No T Wave
Rate; 150 - 300/min
3> Fibrillation
@ Atrial Fibrillation
i) Multiple Ectopic Atrial Foci
ii) f Wave(서동파); 너무 빨라 측정이 곤란하다.
??거친 것
??가느다란 것
iii) Rate; 350 - 650/min
iv) 진단 기준
f Wave; 350 - 650/min
심실의 흥분; Irregular, Irregular PR Interval
Normal QRS Complex
@ Ventricular Fibrillation
i) 체순환으로의 혈액 구축이 불가능하다; 제일 응급 상태
ii) Multiple Ectopic Ventricular Foci
iii) 진단 기준
No Atrial Response; No P Wave
No QRS Complex
Irregular Rhythm; 150 - 500/min
4) Heart Blocks
1> SA Block; Block 이전과 이후의 P Wave가 동일하다.
i) 2o Degree Wenckebach Type
* 진단 기준
Progressively Shorter PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex
심실휴지기는 PR Interval의 2배 이하
심실휴지기에는 P-QRS-T Wave가 없을 것
ii) 2o Mobitz Type
* 진단 기준
Regular PP Interval
심실휴지기는 PR Interval의 2배 또는 그 이상의 정수배
심실휴지기에는 P-QRS-T Wave가 없을 것
2> AV Block
PR Interval이 길어진다. > 0.2 sec
i) First Degree(1o) AV Block
PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec
Normal P-QRS-T wave Sequence
ii) Second Degree(2o) AV Block
2 : 1 AV Block; QRS Complex 이전에 2개의 P Wave
3 : 1 AV Block; QRS Complex 이전에 3개의 P Wave
@ High Grade AV Block
; 2개 이상의 연속적인 P Wave가 심실로 전달되지 않을 때
* 진단 기준
Regualr PR Interval
심실로 전달되지 않는 2개 이상의 연속적인 P Wave
심방세동 또는 조동이 있을때에는 오랜 휴지기간을 보이는 것
@ Wenckebach Type(Mobitz Type I)
* 진단기준
Progressively Longer PR Interval & Absent QRS Complex
Progressively Shorter RR Interval & Absent QRS Complex
Regular PP Interval
@ Mobitz Type II
* 진단 기준
Regular PR Interval &
Sometimes Absent QRS Complex
iii) Third Degree(3o)(Complete) AV Block(= AV Dissociation)(Mobitz Type III)
; P Wave가 QRS Complex가 별개로 작용한다.(연관성이 없다.)
* 진단 기준
No Relationship P Wave with QRS Complex
Atrium과 Ventricle사이에 전도가 없다.
Atrium; Sinus or Supraventricular Rhythm
Ventricle; Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm
Atrial Fibrillation이 있으면 Junctional or Ventricular Escape Rhythm때문에 심실박동수가 일정하게 느껴진다.
@ Stokes-Adams Syndrome; 3rd Degree(3o) AV Block 에서 심실의 수축이 너무 느려서 뇌로가는 혈액의 유량이 감소하여 의식을 잃게되는 경우
3> Bundle Branch Block; 존재시에는 QRS Vector 와 Ventricular Hypertrophy를 진단할수 없다.
Wide QRS Complex(사지유도에서) ≥ 0.12 sec
R-R' Configuration(좌우흉부유도에서)
i) Right Bundle Branch Block(RBBB); Lead I, V1-2
RVH를 진단할수 없다.
Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec
Inverted T Wave
ST Segment Depression
V1,2; RsR'
Lead I; QRS Complex, Large S Wave
ii) Left Bundle Branch Block(LBBB); Lead I, aVL, V1, V5, V6
LVH를 진단할수 없다.
Wide QRS Complex; > 0.12 sec
Inverted T Wave
ST Segment Depression
V5,6; RR'; EKG 상에서 Infarction을 정확히 진단할수 없다.
Lead I, aVL, V5-6; No Normal Septal Q Wave
V1; qrS Wave
@ Hemiblock; Left Bundle Branch의 Anterior or Posterior Division 의 Block
1) Anterior Hemoblock
Anterior Division of Left BB 의 block
1/2 of Anterior Infarction
i) LAD; < -40o; without Inferior Wall Infarction
ii) slighted Widened QRS Complex; 0.1 - 0.12 sec
iii) Q1S3; Lead I; Q Wave
Lead III; Wide Deep S Wave
iv) with LVH; aVL; Large R Wave ≥ 16 mm
2) Posterior Hemiblock
i) RAD; > 120o; without RVH
ii) Normal or Slightly Widened QRS Complex
iii) S1Q3; Lead I; Wide S Wave
Lead III; Q Wave
3) Bifascicular Blocks
i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock
LAD < - 40o
Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec
Lead I; Wide S Wave
V1; Positive QRS Complex
ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock
RAD ≥ 120o
Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec
Lead I; Wide S Wave
V1; Positive QRS Complex
iii) RBBB or LBBB & 1o AV block(PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec)
RBBB + PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec
Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec
Lead I; Wide S Wave
V1; Positive QRS Complex
LBBB + PR Interval ≥ 0.2 sec
Wide QRS Complex ≥ 0.12 sec
No Septal Q Wave; Lead I, aVL, V5-6
V1; Negative QRS Complex
iv) Alternating RBBB or variable LBBB;
Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB)
4) Intermittent Blocks; with at least one normal, non-blocked fascicle
i) RBBB + Anterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Posterior Hemiblock
ii) RBBB + Posterior Hemiblock + Intermittent Anterior Hemiblock
iii) Anterior Hemiblock + Posterior Hemiblock(= LBBB) + Intermittent RBBB
iv) RBBB + Intermittent LBBB
Intermittent Blocks of one fascicle; continuous EKG pattern of normal with intermittent signs of block
Intermittent Blocks of two fascicles; intermittent EKG signs of both blocks
Intermittent Blocks; one intermittent + one permanant Block; continous EKG pattern of one block & intermittent signs of another Block
5) Mobitz II; Ventricular non-conduction
4> Aberrant Conduction; 변형 QRS Complex
; 두 심실 사이에 불응기의 차이가 있어서 약간의 전도 지연이 있는 경우
Wide QRS Complex
i) 원인
선행자극직후의 APCs or JPCs
Aschman Phenomenon; Atrial Fibrillation시에
; Long RR Interval후 Short RR Interval이후의 변형 QRS Complex
ii) 진단 기준
APCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Ectopic P Wave가 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex에 선행
JPCs with Aberrant Conduction; Premature Inverted P Wave가 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex직전 또는 직후에
Atrial Fibrillation with with Aberrant Conduction; Long RR Interval후 Short RR Interval이후의 Wide Aberrant QRS Complex
@ Critical Rate; 어떤 특정한 빠른 속도에 도달했을 때만 각 블럭이 생기는 경우
@ Incomplete BBB
Normal QRS Complex
R-R' Configuration
@ Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW) Syndrome
Accessory Pathway(Bundle of Kent)
Delta Wave
??Positive
??Negative
; Accessory Pathway 에 의해 심실을 자극하는데 걸리는 정상적 지연이 짧아져 유발된 Premature Ventricular Depolarization(조기 심실 탈분극)
* 진단 기준
Short PR Interval
Wide Irregular QRS Complex
Delta Wave
Sometimes Supraventricular Tachycardia
7. Axis
1) Vector
Left Ventricle > Right Ventricle
Septum; Left > Right
2) Mean QRS Complex Vector
기시부; AV node
Downward & to Left & Posterior
Normal Range; 0 - +90o, 0 - +110o
Ventricle Hypertrophy; 같은 방향으로 Deviation
Cardiac Infarction; 반대 방향으로 Deviation
3) Right Axis Deviation(RAD); +110o - ± 180o
URQ + ULQ
Lead I; QRS Complex Negative
* RAD의 원인
1) 마른 체형
2) 우심실 비대
3) 폐질환
4) Extreme Right Axis Deviation; URQ
5) Left Axis Deviation(LAD); - 30o - - 90o
ULQ
1> Lead I
2> AVF
* LAD의 원인
1) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
2) Horizontal Heart
3) Inferior Infarction
4) Anterior Hemiblock
5) Anterior Hemiblock + RBBB
8. Hypertrophy
1) Atrial Hypertrophy
원인; Mitral Stenosis
V1; Diphasic P Wave
1> Right Atrial Hypertrophy;
V1 P Wave의 Large Initial Component
Lead II; P Wave Height ≥ 2.5 mm
2> Left Atrial Hypertrophy; V1 P Wave의 Large Terminal Component, Depth ≥
3> Both Atrial Hypertrophy; RAH + LAH
2) Ventricular Hypertrophy
1> Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
i) V1; Large R Wave & small S Wave
ii) RAD
iii) V6; Deep S Wave
iv) V1 R Wave + V6 S Wave ≥ 11 mm
vi) Right Chest Lead
ST Segment Depression
Asymmetric Inverted T wave
2> Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
i) Large QRS Complex
ii) LAD
iii) V1; Large S Wave + V5; Large R Wave ≥ 35 mm
iv) I, aVL, V5-6; Large R Wave
V1-2; Large S Wave
vi) V5 or V6 R Wave ≥ 27 mm
vii) aVL R Wave ≥ 11 mm
v) Left Chest Leads(V5,6); 원인 불명
Inverted Asymmetric T Wave(Long Gradual, Rapid)
ST Segment Depression
3> Both Ventricular Hypertrophy
9. Infarction
@ 3‘I’s or Triad of Acute Myocardial Infarction(급성 심근 경색)
1) Ischemia; 허혈; Reversible
1> Inverted Symmetric T Wave; 1st
2> ST Segment Depression
2) Injury; 손상; Reversible
1> ST Segment Elevation; 2nd; means Acute or Recent
2> ST Segment Normal; Chronic
3) Infarction; 경색; Q Wave; 3rd
Abnormal Q Wave
1> Width ≥ 0.04 sec
2> Height ≥ 1/3 of R Wave
Septal Q Wave; Normal
Lead I, aVL, V5-6
@ Pericarditis
ST Segment Elevation
T Wave; Normal
@ Ventricular Aneurysm
ST Segment Elevation(Irreversible)
@ Types of Infarction
1> Anterior Wall Infarction; LCA의 AD Branch
i) V1-4 or V2-6; Q Wave
ii) Acute; V1-2; Q Wave or ST Segment Elevation
* Anterior Wall Septal Infarction
V1,2에만; Q Wave or
V1-2; poor R Wave Progression
2> Lateral Wall Infarction; Left Coronary Artery 의 Circumflex Branch
I, AVL, V5-6; Q Wave
3> Inferior(= Diaphragmatic) Wall Infarction
II, III, AVF; Q Wave
4> Posterior Wall Infarction; Anterior Wall Infarction 과는 정확히 반대가 된다.
V2-4R; Q Wave
Acute; V1-3; ST Segment Depression
Large R Wave
V6; Q Wave
Arrhythmia잘 동반; Dangerous
5> Right Ventricle
V1,2; Q Wave
10. Miscellaneous
1) Pulmonary Disease
1> Emphysema
i) Low Voltage
ii) RAD
2> Pulmonary Infarction
i) Lead I; Large S Wave
ii) Lead II; ST Segment Depression
iii) Lead III; Large Q Wave
iv) V1-4; Inverted T Wave
v) Transient RBBB
3> S1Q3 Syndrome; Pulmonary Infarction 의 결과로 오는 급성 폐성심(Acute Cor Pulmonale)
i) Lead I; Large S Wave
ii) Lead III; Q Wave
2) Electrolytes Disturbances; ST Segment Abnormality
1> Potassium(K+)
i) Hyperkalemia
Moderate
Wide Flat P Wave
Wide QRS Complex
Peaked T Wave
Extreme
No P Wave
Widened QRS Complex
ii) Hypokalemia; ST Segmrnt Depression
Moderate
Flat T Wave
U Wave
Extreme
Inverted T Wave
Prominent U Wave
2> Calcium(Ca2+)
i) Hypercalcemia;
Short ST Segment
Short QT Interval
ii) Hypocalcemia;
Widened ST Segment
Prolonged QT Interval
3) Patterns
1> Ventricular Strain
Waxy Depressed ST Segment; 위로 커브를 그리며 ST 분절 중간에서 점점 위로 굽어진다.
i) Right Ventricular Strain
ii) Left Ventricular Strain
2> Artificial Pacemaker; Electrical Spikes직후에 Ventricular Response
i) Transverse Pacemaker(= Right Ventricular Pacemaker); 가장 널리 사용
All have LBBB pattern QRS
If LAD; Pacemaker in Apex of Right Ventricle; 가장 이상적인 위치
If Normal Axis; Pacemaker in Right Ventricular Mid-Outflow Tract
If RAD; Pacemaker in Right Ventricle, below pulmonic Valves
ii) Epicardiac Pacemaker(= Left Ventricular Pacemaker)
RBBB 형태의 QRS
RAD
iii) Demand Pacemaker
iv) Atrial Pacemaker
v) P Wave Triggered Pacemaker(= Atrial Synchronous Pacemaker)
vi) Sequential AV Pacemaker
3> Subendocardial Infarction; Flat ST Segment Depression
4> Pericarditis
i) QRS Complex의 합이 음성을 보이는 유도(대개 우측흉부유도)
Flat or Concave Elevated ST Segment ? Inverted T Wave
ii) QRS Complex의 합이 양성을 보이는 유도(유도 I, II 등)
Elevated ST Segment & T Wave Off Baseline
5> Early Repolarization; Normal Variant
i) Left Chest Lead; V4-6
ii) Elevated ST Segment
6> Dextrocardia; Lead I, aVR, V1-6
i) Lead I; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Negative
ii) V1; Highest R Wave
V6; Smallest R Wave
iii) aVR; Inverted QRS Complex(or P Wave, T Wave); Positive
7> Pediatric ECG; 대략 1년후 성인 ECG와 유사하게 된다.
i) RVH
ii) RAD
iii) V1-3; Inverted T Wave
4) Drugs
1> Digitalis; Lead I, V5-6
i) Excess Digitalis; Hypokalemia에 의해 Exaggerated 된다.
SA Block
PAT with Block
AV Block
Tachycardia with AV Dissociation
Scooping(국자모양) ST Segment
Flat or Inverted T Wave
ii) Digitalis Toxicity
PVC
Bigeminy, Trigeminy etc
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
2> Quinidine; 심근으로 통하는 전기전도(Electrical Conduction)를 느리게 함
심실의 재분극 시간이 길어진다.
i) Quinidine Effects
Wide, Notched P Wave
Wide QRS Complex
ST Depression
Wide QT Interval
U Wave
ii) Quinidine Toxicity; Roller Coaster Patterns
*** 참고 도서 ***
1. 심전도(心電圖) 속성판독법 Rapid Interpretation of EKG's
한국심장질환연구소 편 도서출판 고려의학
2. 심전도해설
김 형묵(金 炯?) 역(譯) 도서출판 고려의학
EC-IC bypass; Extra-Cranial Intra-Cranial bypass
ECLE; Extra-Capsular Lens Extraction
ECMO; Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation
ECOG; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
ECT(?); Electro-Convulsive Therapy; 전기 경련 요법
= EST
ED & C; Electro-Desiccation & Curettage
EDC; Estimated Day of Confinement; 출산(분만) 예정일
EDH; Epidural Hematoma; 경뇌막상혈종
EDRF; Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor
EDS; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
EDTA; Ethylene Diamino(Diamine)-Tetraacetic Acid
EDV; End Diastolic Volume
EED; Erythema Elevatum Diutinum
EEG; Electro-Encephalo-Graphy(-Gram); 뇌전도, 뇌파 검사
EF; Edema Factor
EF study;
LVEDV - LVESV
EF = ??????????????????
LVEDV
EF study; Ejection-Fraction study
E. Fetalis; Erythroblastosis Fetalis
EGC; Early Gastric Cancer
EGD; Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy
EGJ; Esophago-Gastric Junction
EHBF; Estimated Hepatic Blood Flow; 추정간혈류량(推定肝血流量)
EHEC; Entero-Hemorrhagic Escherichia Coli
EHDP; Ethane-1-Hydroxyl-1,1-Di-Phosphonate
EHL; Electro-Hydrauric Lithotripsy
EIA;
1) Exercise Induced Asthma; 운동 유발성 천식
= EIB
2) Enzyme Immuno-Assay
EIB; Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction; 운동 유발성 기관지 수축
= EIA
EIEC; Entero-Invasive Escherichia Coli
EKC; Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis
EKG; Electro-cardio-Graphy(-Gram); 심전도
= ECG
ELISA; Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay; 효소 면역법
ELT; Euglobulin Lysis Time
EM;
1) Erythro-Mycin
2) Electron Microscopy
Em;
1) Erythro-mycin
2) Emmetropia(Normal Vision)
EMA-CO; Etoposide, MTX, Actinomycin-D, Vincristine, Cyclophosphomide, Folic Acid
EMB; Ethambutol
EMB Agar; Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
EMD; Electro-Mechanical Dissociation
EMG; Electro-Myo-Graphy; 근전도
EMID; Extra-Medullary Intra-Dural
EM Pathway; Embden Meyerhof Pathway
EN; Erythema Nodosum
ENKAF; Epidermal-derived NK cell-Activating Factor
ENG; Electro-Nystagmo-Graphy
ENL; Erythema Nodosum Leprosum
ENT; Ear, Nose & Throat; 이비인후과
EOAE; Evoked Oto-Acoustic Emission test
EOG; Electro-Oculo-Gram
EPB; Extensor Pollisis Brevis
EPBF; Effective Pulmonary Blood Flow
EPEC; Entero-Pathogenic Escherichia Coli
EPF; Esophago-Pleural Fistula
EPP; Erythropoietic Proto-Porphyria
EPS;
1) Extra-Pyramidal Syndrome
2) Electro-Physiological Study
EPSP; Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential; 흥분성 시냅스후 전위
ER;
1) Emergency Room; 응급실
2) Estrogen Receptor
ERBD; Endoscopic Retrograde Bile(Biliary) Drainage
ERBSE; Endoscopic Retrograde Balloon Stone Extraction
ERCP; Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography(-gram)
ERG; Electro-Retino-Gram
ERPF; Effective Renal Plasma Flow; 유효신혈류량
ERV; Expiratory Reserve Volume
ESP; Extra-Sensory Perception
ESR; Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; 0 - 30 mm/Hr(영아)
ESRD; End Stage Renal Disease
EST(?); Electric(Electro-) Shock Theraphy; 전기 충격치료
= ECT
ESWL; Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy
? Ix for Gall Stone
1. < 4개, Φ < 3 cm
2. No Pigment on Calcified Stones
3. OCG상 GB Visualization
4. Stone이 US상 Early Observation
? CIx for Gall Stone
1. recent Acute Cholecystitis
2. Cholangitis
ET;
1) Essential Thrombocytosis
2) Embryo Transfer
ETAF; Epidermal cell derived Thymocyte Activating Factor
ETEC; Entero-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli
ETF; Eustachian Tube Function
EU; Endoscopic Ultrasonography
EUA; Examination Under Anesthesia
E-W nucleus; Edinger-Westphal nucleus
F; Fahrenheit; 화씨
F wave; Flutter wave
FA;
1) Fatty Acid
2) Fluorescent Antibodies; 형광 항체
FAB classification; French, American, British classification
FAC; Familial Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
FAD; Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
FAM; 5-FU, Adriamycin, Mitomycin-C
FAP; Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
FB; Foreign Body
FBG; Fasting Blood Glucose
FBS; Fasting Blood Sugar; 공복시 혈당
FBSS; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
FC;
1) FluCytosine
2) Finger Count
FCPD; Fibro-Calculous Pancreatic Disease
FDA; Food & Drug Administration
FDCs; Follicular Dendritic Cells
FDI; F?d?ration Dentaire Internationale
= International Dental Association
FDIU;
FDP(s);
1) Fibrinolytic split Products(= FSP)
2) Fibrinogen Degradation Products
FEF; Forced Expiratory Flow
FEF25-75%; Forced Expiratory Flow from 25 to 75 % of the vital capacity
FENa, FeNa; Fractional Excretion of Sodium
; Volume의 개념을 제거하여 좀 더 정확한 신장의 농축 능력을 평가,
낮을수록 농축능 증가를 의미한다.
< 1 %; Prerenal ARF
> 1 %; Renal(Oliguric) ARF
Urine Na x Plasma Cr
= ?????????????????????? x 100
Urine Cr x Plasma Na
UNa / PNa
= ??????????????? x 100
UCr / PCr
RFI
= ???????????
Plasma Na
FEP; Free Erythrocyte (Proto)Porphyrins
FEV; Forced Expiratory Volume
FEV1; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec
FFA; Free Fatty Acid; 유리 지방산
FFP; Fresh Frozen Plasma
FFS; Flexible Fiberoptic Sigmoidoscopy
fg; fore ground
FGR; Fetal Growth Retardation
FHF; Fulminant Hepatic Failure
FH; Familial Hypercholesterolemia; 가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증
FHD; Fetal Heart Tone
FHH; Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
= Familial Benign Hypercalcemia
FHM; Fetal Heart Movement
FHR; Fetal Heart Rate
FHT; Fetal Heart Tone(s)
FHX, FHx; Family History
FiO2; Fraction of Inspired Oxygen; 흡입 산소 농도
FISH; Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
FIV; Forced Inspired Volume
5α-DHT; 5α-Di-Hydro-Testosterone
5-HIAA; 5-Hydroxy-Indole-Acetic Acid
5-HT; 5-Hydroxy-Tryptamine
= Serotonin
5-HTP; 5-Hydroxytryptophan
5 YSR; 5 Year Survival Rate
FL;
1) Fascia Lata(FL); 대퇴근막(大腿筋膜)
2) Femur Length
FLASH; Fast Low Angle SHot
Flu, Flue; inFluenzae; 감기
FMD; Fibro-Muscular Dysplasia
FMN; Flavin Mononucleotide
FMTC; Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
FNA; Fine Needle Aspiration
FNAB; Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
FO; Fossa(Foramen) Ovale
FPC; Familial ; 가족성 용종성 증후군
FPG; Fasting Plasma Glucose
FPL; Flexor Pollicis Longus
FQDN; Fully Qualified Domain Name
FRC; Functional Residual Capacity
FRP; Follicle Regulatory Protein
FRT; Fixation Reflex Test; 안과) 시선 고정 반사 테스트
FSA; Fetal Sulfo-glycoprotein Ag
FSF; Fibrin Stabilizing Factor(Factor XIII)
FSGN; Focal Sclerotic(Segmental) Glomerulo-Nephritis
FSGS; Focal Segmental Glomerulo-Sclerosis
FSH;
1) Follicle(Follicular)-Stimulating Hormone [HP 1884, 1891, 1902-3, 2010, 2017-21, 2031]
2) Facio-Scapular Humeral
FSH-RH; Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone
FSP; Fibrin Split Product
= FDPs
ft.; foot, feet
FTA-ABS test; Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody ABSorption test
FT3; Free T3
FT4; Free T4
FT3I; Free T3 Index
FT4I; Free T4 Index
= T3RU x T4
FTND; Full-Term Normal Delivery; 만기정상분만(滿期正常分娩)
FTSG; Full Thickness Skin Graft
F/U; Follow Up
FUdR; Fluorodeoxyuridine
FUO; Fever of Unknown(= Undetermined) Origin; (원인)불명열
FVC; Forced Vital Capacity
F wave; Flutter wave; 조동파
Fx; Fracture; 골절(骨折)
g; gram
= gm
G.; Giardia
G. Lamblia; 람불편모충
G-sac; Gestational Sac
GA;
1) Gestational Age; 재태주령
2) Gamblers Anonymous
167Ga; radioactive Gallium(used in whole-body & brain scans)
GABA; Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid
GAF scale; Global Assessment of Functioning scale
GAG; Glycos-Amino-Glycan
GAP; Group for Advancement of Psychiatry
GAP syndrome; Galactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Prolactinoma Syndrome
GB; Gall Bladder; 담낭
GBM; Glomerular Basement Membrane
GBP scan; Gated Blood Pool (cardiac) scan
= GBPS
1. LV 기능 측정
2. Wall Motion분석
3. CO & EF 측정
GBPS; Gated Blood Pool cardiac Scan
= GBP scan
GBS;
1) Guillain-Barr Syndrome
= PIP; Post-Infectious Polyneuropathy
2) Group B Streptococcus
GC;
1) Guanylate Cyclase
2) Gonococcus; 임균
Gc globulin; Group-specific complement globulin
GCS; Glasgow Coma Scale
GER; Gastro-Esophageal Reflux
GERD; Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
GFR; Glomerular Filtration Rate; 사구체 여과율
25 % 감소시 Clinical Manifestation
50 % 감소시 Lab 상 Azotemia
G-G diet; Giordano-Giovannetti diet
의의; CRF에 쓰인다.
GGT;
1) Gamma(γ)-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
2) Gamma(γ)-Glutamyl Transferase
GH; Growth Hormone
= Somatotropin
GHB; Gamma-Hydroxy Butyrate
GHQ; General Health Questionaire
GHRH; Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
GH-V; variant form of Growth Hormone
GI;
1) Gastro-Intestinal; 위장의
2) Globin Insulin
3) Granuloma Inguinale
GIDAANT; Gender Identity Disorder of Adolescence or Adulthood, Non-transsexual Type
GIF; Gastro-Intestinal Fiberoscopy
GIFT; Gamate Intra-Fallopian Transfer; 생식세포 난관내 이식술
GIH; Growth hormone release Inhibiting Hormone
= Somatostatin
GIP;
1) Giant cell Interstitial Pneumonia
2) Gastric Inhibitory (Poly)Peptide
GLOBE; Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment
gm; gram
= g
GM; Glioblastoma Multiforme; 다형성 교아세포종
GM-CSF; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
GMP; Guanosine Mono-Phosphate
GN; Glomerulo-Nephritis
GNB; Gram Negative(-) Bacilli
GNBP; Gram Negative(-) Bacillary Pneumonias
GnRH; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone [HP 1898, 2034]
= LHRH
= Gonadorelin
; 44 Amino Acids(29 AA; necessary)
; belongs to a family of Molecules
1) Secretin
2) Glucagon
3) VIP
4) GIP
; Production
1) Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus; Major Site
2) Ventromedial Nucleus; a few
; Axon project to the Median Eminence
terminate on the Portal Vessels
; Present; Mucosa of the Small Intestine
; 1) Stimulate GH Release & Synthesis in Vitro & in Vivo
2) Calcium-dependent
3) mediated cAMP
4) Enhances GH gene transcription
5) Stimulates c-fos(a growth signal-transducing oncogene)
; IV Injection; 0.1 - 3.3 μg/kg of BW
Peak GH Response; 30 - 60 min
Return to Baseline; 2 - 3 Hr
GOT; Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
GP;
1) General Practitioner; 전과의(全科醫)
2) General Paresis
3) Geometric Progression
GPIb; Glyco-Protein Ib
gr.; grain; 1 gr. = 0.0648 gm
GRASS; Gradient Recalled Acquisition at Steady State
grav.; gravida; pregnancy; 임신
GRH; Growth hormone Releasing Hormone
GRP; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide
GS;
1) Gall Stone
2) General Surgery
G6PD, G6PD, G-6-PD; Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase
GSR; Galvanic Skin Response
GTD; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
GTN;
? Stages of GTN(FIGO, WHO)
1. Stage O; Molar Pregnancy(H-Mole)
2. Stage I; confined to Uterine Corpus
3. Stage II; Metastasis to Pelvis & Vagina
4. Stage III; Metastasis to Lung
5. Stage IV; Distant Metastasis(Brain, Liver, Kidney, Spleen or GI tract)
GTP; Guanosine Tri-Phosphate
GTT;
1) Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
2) Glucose Tolerance Test; 당부하검사
gtt; guttae; drops; 방울 방울
GU; Genito-Urinary; 비뇨생식기의
GUT; Genito-Urinary Tract
GVHD; Graft-Versus-Host Disease; 식대주 질환
Gyn.; Gynecology; 부인과
H.;
1) Hemophilus; 호혈균(속)
H. influenzae; 인플루엔자 호혈균
2) Helicobacter
H. pylori
3) Hydatidiform
H. Mole; Hydatidiform Mole; 포상기태 [HP 1861, 1944, 1947, 2030]
1> Complete Hydatidiform Mole
2> Partial Hydatidiform Mole
h.; hour; 시간
HA;
1) Hemolytic Anemia
2) Head-Ache
HACE; High Altitude Cerebral Edema
HAM; 1) Human Albumin Microsphere
2) HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy
HAPE; High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
HARH; High Altitude Retinal Hemorrhage
HAV; Hepatitis A Virus
Hb; Hemoglobin; 혈색소; 13 - 15 mg%
1 gm 파괴시 Indirect Bilirubin 40 mg 증가
= Hgb
HBD; α-Hydroxy-Butyrate Dehydrogenase
HBI; Hemi-Body Irradiation
HBIG; Hepatitis B Immuno-Globulin; B형 간염 면역글로불린
HBO; HyperBaremic Oxygen
HBPV; Haemophilus influenza type B Polysaccharide(PRP) Vaccine; B형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자 피막 다당질 백신
HBeAg; Hepatitis Be Antigen
HBsAg; Hepatitis B surface Antigen
HBUS; Hepato-Biliary Ultra-Sound
HBV; Hepatitis B Virus
HC;
1) Head Circumferrence; 두위
2) 탄화수소
3) Head Compression
HCC; Hepato-Cellular Cacinoma
HCCa; Hepato-Cellular Cacinoma
HCG, hCG; Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; 사람융모성성선자극호르몬
1. Placental Glycoprotein Hormone
2. Resemble LH(secreted by Pituitary gland)
3. Synthesis; Syncytiotrophoblast cell in Placenta
4. Structure; Dimer α, β
MW 39,000
5. Detection
1) First; 8-9 days after ovulation(in blood)
few days after implantation
increase with implatation; Blood > Urine
2) Urine; 30 days
3) Peak; middle of 1st trimester
60 - 70 days(8 - 10 wks)
60 - 90 days; 100 IU/ml
10 - 12 wks after ovulation
4) Decrease; 100 - 130 days(16 - 20 wks) after ovulation에 Lower Level 도달
임신이 끝날때까지 일정 Level 유지
5) Delivery후 2 wks에 정상화
** 분비가 증가되는 경우(Significant Higher Titer) **
1. Multiple Fetus
2. Erythroblastosis Fetalis; maternal isoimmunization
3. H. mole
4. Choriocarcinoma; TRD(Trophoblastic Disease)
5. PIH, DM
** Significant Lower Titer **
1. Threatened Abortion
2. Ectopic Pregnancy
3. Fetal Death
6. Function; same to LH
1) 임신 초기 유지 & promote growth of Corpus Luteum; > 2 times
** Corpus Luteum **
; maintain pregnancy for first 2-4 Mo
secretion of ??Estrogen
??Progesterone
1> stimulate growth of Endometrium; decidual cell growth
2> prevent menstruation
3> Involution; 13-17 wks of gestation
4> placenta; secretion of ??Estrogen
??Progesterone
2) stimulate secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells in fetal testis
; interstitial cell stimulating effects
1> promote formation of male sexual organs
2> descend testicules into scrotum
3> stimulate fetal testis Steroidogenesis; Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage; 성분화
4> stimulate fetal adrenal Steroidogenesis
3) stimulate fetal ovary
4) FSH primed된 경우 stimulate ovulation; same to LH
5) Maternal Immunosuppression(Immunologic privileges); 임신 거부 반응 억제
7. Clinical Uses
1) pregnancy test; 혈중 hCG
2) 임신 초기(first trimester) 태아 발육의 Indicator
3) TRD의 Dx or Follow-Up study
8. Nisula & Ketelslegers
Choriocarcinoma; high hCG --> high Thyrotropine --> Thyrotoxicosis
** Hormonal Overlap Syndrome **
TRD시 high hCG --> high TSH(유사 α-chain 구조) --> Thyrotoxicosis
HCM; Hypertrophic Cardio-Myopathy
= HCMP
HCMP; Hypertrophic Cardio-Myo-Pathy
= HCM
HCN; Hydrogen Cyanide; 청산
HCO; Health Care Organization; 의료조직
= MCO; Medical Care Organization
HCP; Hereditary Copro-Porphyria; 유전성 CoproPorphyria
HCT, Hct; Hematocrit; 혈구용적; 35 - 45 %
HCV; Hepatitis C Virus
HCVD; Hypertensive Cardio-Vascular Disease; 고혈압 심장성 혈관 질환
HD;
1) Hodgkin's Disease
2) Hemo-Dialysis
3) High Density
4) Hearing Disturbance
HDCV; Human Diploid Cell Vaccine; 인간 이배체 세포 백신
HDL; High Density Lipoprotein; 고밀도 지질 단백질
HDN; Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
HDV; Hepatitis D(elta) Virus
= HBV associated Delta Agent
HE stain; Hematoxylin-Eosin stain
HEMPAS Test; Hereditary Erythrocytic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidified Serum Test
HEV; Hepatitis E Virus
HFRS; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome [HP 849-50]
= Korean Hemorrhagic Fever
= Far Eastern Hemorrhagic Fever
= Endemic or Epidemic Nephroso-nephritis
= Manchurian Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever
= Songo Fever
= Churilov's Disease
? 5 Periods of HFRS
1. Febrile Period; 3 - 6 일
; Fever, 두통, 안구통, 요복통(3주통), 결막및 인후의 충혈, 점상 출혈
2. Hypotensive Period; 매우 주의해야
3. Oliguric Period; 출혈증상의 악화
4. Diuretic Period
5. Convalescent Period
Hgb; Hemoglobin
= Hb
HGPRT; Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho-Ribosyl Transferase
HHH Syndrome; Hyperamnonemia-Hyperornithinemia-Homocitrullinemia Syndrome
HI antibody; Hemagglutination Inhibiting antibody; 혈구 응집 억제 항체
HI Method; Hemagglutination Inhibiting Method; 혈구 응집 억제법
Hib; Haemophilus Influenzae B type; B 형 인플루엔자균
HIV; Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIVD; Herniation(Herniated) of Inter-Vertebral Disc
? Cervical HIVD
▣ Complications
1. Cervical Rib
2. Compression of Brachial Plexus
? Lumbar HIVD
▣ Complications
1. 1o & metastatic Tumor
2. Spinal Injury & Anomaly
3. Hypertrophy of Spine
4. other Disease of Spine & Pelvic Bone
5. Tumors of Pelvis
HL; Half Life
HLA; Human Leukocyte Antigen; 인백혈구 항원
? HLA B27 Ag
(+)로 나오는 경우
1. Ankylosing Spondylitis; 90 % (+)
HLDA; HoLD Acknowledge
HMD; Hyaline Membrane Disease; 유리질막증
HMG, hMG; Human Menopausal Gonadotropin
HMO; Health Maintenance Organization; 건강 유지 조직
HMP Shunt; Hexose Mono-Phosphate Shunt
HMSN; Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathy
HMW; High Molecular Weight
HMWM; High Molecular Weight Multimers
H & N; Head & Neck
Hn; Herniation
HNP; Herniation(Herniated) of Nucleus Pulposus; 척추간판 탈출증
HOA; Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
HOF; Height Of Fundus; Distance to Uterine Fundus from Symphisis
HP; Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
= Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
HPA axis; Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis
HPF, hpf; High Power Field; 고배율 시야
hPL; human Placental Lactogen
= Chorionic Somatomammotropin
HPP; Hereditary Pyro-Poikilocytosis
HPRT; Hypoxanthine Phospho-Ribosyl-Transferase
HPV; Human Papilloma Virus
HPZ; High Pressure Zone; 고압지대
HR; Heart Rate
HRCT; High Resolution Computed Tomography
= TSCT
HRIG; Human Rabies Immuno-Globulin; 인체 광경병 면역 글로불린
HS; Hereditary Spherocytosis
h.s.; hora somni; at bedtime; 취침시(간)
H2S; Hydrogen Sulfate; 황화수소
HSA; Human Serum Albumin
3β-HSD; 3β-Hydroxy-Steroid Dehydrogenase
HSG; Hystero-Salpingo-Gram
HSM Syndrome; juvenile-familial Endocrinopathy Hypoparathyroidism Addison's Disease Menillansis
HSP; Henoch Schonlein Purpura
HSV; Herpes Simplex Virus
HT; Head Trauma
ht.; height; 신장, 키
HTIG: Human Tetanus Immune Globulin
HTN; Hypertension
hTN; hypotension
HTST; High Temperature Short Time Pasteurization
; 71.5 ℃, 15 sec간 가열후 10 ℃ 이하로 급냉각
HUS; Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
HVA; Homo-Vanillic Acid
HVL; Half-Value Layer
h.w.b.; hot water bag; 더운물주머니
HX, Hx; History
Hx; History Taking
hypo.; hypodermic(ally) injection; 피하주사
I; Inspiration
131I; radioactive Iodine(used in Thyroid uptake, Liver & Kidney Scans & Treatment of malignant & nonmalignant conditions of the thyroid)
123I-MIBG; 123I-Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine
131I-MIBG; 131I-Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine
IABP; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump(Plasty)
? Ix
1. Low Output Syndrome
2. CO < 2 L/min/m2
3. systolic BP < 80
or 100 mmHg If Pt. was formerly Hypertensive
4. Urinary Output < 20 mL/Hr
IAPP; Insulinoma Amyloid Poly-Peptide
IBD; Inflammatory Bowel Disease
IBS; Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IC;
1) Iidirect Current
2) Intra-Cranial
3) Inspiratory Capacity
I & C; Incision & Curretage
ICA;
1) Islet Cell Antibody
2) Internal Carotid Artery
ICAMs; Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecules
ICCE; Intra-Capsular Cataract Extraction
ICD;
1) International (statistical) Classification of Diseases, (injuries & causes of death)
2) Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
ICF; Intra-Cellular Fluid; 세포내액
ICG test; Indo-Cyanine Green loading test; Indo-Cyanine Green 색소 부하검사
ICH; Intra-Cerebral Hemorrhage
ICL; Idiopathic CD4 + T Lymphocytopenia
ICP; Intra-Cranial Pressure
ICR; Intra-Cavitary Radiotheraphy
ICS; Inter-Costal Space
= IS
ICs; Immune Complexes
ICU; Intensive Care Unit; 집중 치료실, 중환자실
ID;
1) Immuno-Diffusion
2) Intra-Dermal; 피내로
3) Intra-Dural
I & D; Incision & Drainage; 절개와 배액법
IDA;
1) Imino-Diacetic Acid
2) Iron Deficiency Anemia
Cause
1. Blood Loss(Pathologic Iron Loss); mc
1) Gastrointestinal Bleeding
2) Genitourinary Bleeding
3) Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
4) Intravascular Hemolysis
2. Increased Requirement(Iron Utilization)
1) Postnatal Growth Spurt
2) Adolescent Growth Spurt
3. Physiologic Iron Loss
1) Menstruation
2) Pregnancy
4. Inadequate Dietary Intake
1) Cereal-rich, Meat poor Diets
2) Food Faddists
3) Elderly & Indigent
5. Decreased Intestinal Absorption
1) Malabsorption
IDDM; Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
= Type I DM
IDEM tumor; Intra-Dural Extra-Medullary tumor
IDL; Intermediate Density Lipoprotein; 중밀도 지질 단백질
IDSA; Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography
IDU; IDoxUridine
IDUs; Injection Drug Users
IE; Infective Endocarditis; 감염성 심내막염
IEP; Immuno-Electro-Phoresis
IF;
1) Immuno-Fluorescence
2) Intrinsic Factor
IF test; Immuno-Fluorescence test
IFA; Immuno-Fluorescence Antibody Test(= Assay)
IFA test; Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test
IFN; InterFeroN
Ig; Immuno-globulin
IgA; Immuno-globulin A; (27)(30)60(100) - (170)(80)(250)380 mg/dL
IgD; Immuno-globulin D;
IgE; Immuno-globulin E; 50(100) - 370(300) Unit, < 400 Unit
IgG; Immuno-globulin G; (380)(600)800(900) - (1000)(1200)1800 mg/dL
IgM; Immuno-globulin M; (28)60(40) - (98)(100)(113)260(220) mg/dL
IGF; Insulin-like Growth Factor
= Somatomedin
IGF 1; Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
= Somatomedin C
IGHD; Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency
IgMαHBc; IgM Antibody against Hepatitis B core Antigen
IGT; Impaired Glucose Tolerance
IHA test; Indirect Hem-Agglutination test
IHD; Ischemic Heart Disease
= Coronary Heart(Artery) Disease
= Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
IHS;
1) International Headache Society
2) Intelligent Hospital System
IHSS(= HCMP); Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
= Obstructive Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
? CIx
1. Diuretics
2. Nitrates
3. β-Agonist(Stimulant)
4. Digitalis
IICP; Increased Intra-Cranial Pressure
IIOC; Incompetent Internal Os of Cervix
IL; Inter-Leukin
IL-1; Interleukin-1
IL-8; Interleukin-8
ILD; Interstitial Lung Disease
ILO; International Labo(u)r Organization; 국제노동기구
IM;
1) Intra-Muscular(ly) (injection); 근육으로, 근육주사
2) Infectious Mononucleus(Mononucleosis)
= Glandular Fever
IM nail; Intra-Medullary nail
IMDS; Idiopathic Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome
= Preleukemia
= Refractory Anemias
imho; in my humble(or honest) opinion
IMP; Inosinate
IMR; Infant Mortality Rate; 영아 사망률
INF-γ; Interferon-γ
INH; Isoniazid
INPV; Intermittent Negative Pressure Ventilation; 간헐적 음압환기 요법
INR; International Normalized Ratio
= RISI
patient PT
R = ????????????????
mean normal PT
I & O; Intake & Output; 섭취량과 배설량
IP; Incubation Period; 잠복기
IP3; Inositol tri-Phosphate
IPA; Iso-Propyl Alcohol
IPD; Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis
IPF; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
IPG; Impedance Plethysmo-Graphy
IPPB; Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing; 간헐적 양압 호흡
IPPV; Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation; 간헐적 양압 환기 요법
IPSID; Immuno-Proliferative Small Intestine Disease
IPSP; Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential; 억제성 시냅스후 전위
IPT; Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy
iPTH; immunoreactive PTH
IPU; Inter-Parliamentary Union; 국제의회동맹
IQ, I.Q.; Intelligence Quotient; 지능지수(知能指數), 지능계수(知能系數)
IRC; International Red Cross
IRMA;
1) Intra-Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities
2) Immuno-Radio-Metric Assay
IRV; Inspiratory Reserve Volume
IS; Intercostal Space
= ICS
ISA;
1) Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity
2) Industrial Standard Architecture; 산업표준구조
ISD; Inter-Spinous Distance
ISF; Inter-Stitial Fluid; 간질액
ISG; Immune Serum Globulin
ISI; International Sensitivity Index of reagent/instrument combination
ISS; International Staging System
IT; Intra-Thecal
ITP; Idiopathic(Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
ITx; Immunotherapy
IU;
1) International Unit; 국제단위
2) Immunizing Unit; 면역단위
IUCD; Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices; 자궁내 피임 장치
= IUD
IUD; Intra-Uterine Device(s); 자궁내 장치
; 월경중에 삽입한다.
= IUCD
IUdR; 5'-Iodo-2'-Deoxyuridine
IUGR; Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation; 자궁내 성장 장애
IV; Intra-Venous(ly) injection; 정맥으로, 정맥주사
IVC;
1) Inferior Vena Cava
2) Intra-Venous Cholangiography
IVF; In Vitro Fertilization; 체외 수정
IVF-ET; In Vitro Fertilization - Embryo Transfer
IVIG; Intra-Venous Immuno-Globulin; 정맥 주사용 면역 글로불린
IVP; Intra-Venous Pyelography(-Gram); 경정맥성 신우 촬영술
= Excretary Urography; 배설성요로조영술
? CIx
1. 간 및 신장의 복합질환
2. 요오드에 대한 과민증
3. Oliguria
4. Serum Cr; 2.5 - 3.0 mg% 이상
IVS; Interventricular Septum
IVT; Intra-Venous Transfusion
IVU; Intra-Venous Urography
JG; Juxta-Glomerulus
JOC; Journal of Oncologic Clinical(?)
JRA; Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis; 연소기 류마토이드 관절염
= Juvenile Chronic Arthritis; 연소기 만성 관절염
Def; 15세 이하의 소아에서 6주이상 지속되는 관절염(= Still's Disease)
Jt; Joint
JVP; [POMD P 49 - 52]
1) Jugular Vein Pressure
2) Jugular Venous Pulse
Three Positive Waves; A, C, V
Two Negative Waves; X, Y
? A wave; the tallest Waves
1) by Right Atrial Contraction
2) begin before S1
peak just before or during S1
3) If S4 present, coincides with the summit of the wave
4) precedes the carotid pulse
Abnormal
1. Large or Giant A wave
1) by increased resistance at the tricuspid valve or
increased resistance to right ventricular filling
2) Causes
1> Tricuspid Stenosis or Atresia
2> Ebstein's Anomaly
3> Pulmonary Stenosis
4> Pulmonary Hypertension
i) Primary
ii) Eisenmenger's Syndrome(uncommon)
iii) Mitral Stenosis
iv) Acute & Chronic Cor Pulmonale
v) Tricuspid Regurgitation
(nonrheumatic cases secondary to pulmonary hypertension)
5> Cardiomyopathy
6> Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis(IHSS)
7> Aortic Stenosis(some cases)
2. Decreased A wave; markedly dilated Right Atrium
3. Absent A wave; replaced by flutter waves
1) Atrial Fibrillation
2) Atrial Flutter
4. Cannon A wave; by fusion of giant A waves with C or V waves
1) Regualr Cannon A wave
1> Atrioventricular(AV) Junctional Rhythm
2> First-Degree AV Block(some cases)
3> 2 : 1 AV Block
4> Atrial Tachycardia(some cases)
i) Paradoxical Nodal Tachycardia
2) Irregular Cannon A wave
1> Premature Systoles
i) Ventricular(frequently)
ii) AV Junctional(sometimes)
iii) Atrial(rarely)
2> Complete AV Dissociation
i) Complete AV Block
ii) AV Junctional Tachycardia(some cases)
iii) Ventricular Tachycardia(some cases)
3> Atrial Flutter(difficult to detect)
? C wave
1) by Right Ventricular Systole &
Bulging of th Tricuspid valve into the Right Atrium
Impact of the carotid pulse against the jugular vein
2) begins at the end of S1
peak shortly thereafter
3) coincides with the upstroke of the carotid pulse
? X descent; Systolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse; deeper than the Y wave
1) by Right Atrial Relaxation &
Downward displacement of the base of the heart
2) divide into; by C wave
1> X descent
2> X' descent
3) 0.10 sec before S2
4) occurs during the peak of the carotid pulse
Abnormal
1. Decreased X descent; Atrial Fibrillation
2. Partially or Completely Obliterated by a Regurgitant Wavs(called the CV, S, or V waves); Tricuspid Regurgitation
3. Deeper than the Y Descent; Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis
? V wave
1) by Right Atrial Filling during Right Ventricular Systole while the tricuspid valve is closed
2) begins shortly before P2
peaks 0.06 - 0.08 sec after P2
3) peak occurs after the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse
Abnormal
1. Large V Wave
1) Tricuspid Regurgitation
2) Right-sided Heart Failure
3) Atrial Septal Defect(about 50 % of cases)
4) Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
? Y descent; Diastolic Collapse of the Venous Pulse
1) by the rapid flow of the blood into the Right Ventricle after the opening of the Tricuspid Valve
2) begin the end of the V wave
end with the Y trough
3) about 0.20 sec after P2
4) comes along after the carotid pulse is felt
Abnormal
1. Slow, Shallow Y descent; Tricuspid Stenosis
2. Rapid, Steep Y descent
1) Constrictive Pericarditis
2) severe Right-sided Heart Failure
Jx; Junction
K+; Potassium; Electrolyte
KAP study; Knowledge, Attitude & Practice study
Ka; Kallikrein
KDO; 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-Octonate
K-F Ring; Kayser-Fleischer Ring
kg; kilogram; 1000 gram
KHF; Korean Hemorrhagic Fever
= HFRS
KI(?); Potassium Iodide; 옥화칼륨
KIDS; Kansas Infant Development Screen
KLH; Keyhole-Limpet Hemocyanin antigen
KM; Kana-Mycin
KOH; Potassium Hydroxide [HP 272-3]
17-KS; 17-Keto-Steroid
KUB; Kidney, Ureter & Bladder; 신장, 요관, 방광; 단순 요로 촬영
= Plain Film
= Scout Film
KW change; Keith Wagener change
KWIS; Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale; 한국판 웩슬러 지능 검사
L;
1) Lumbar Vertebrae
L1; 1st Lumbar Vertebrae
L2; 2nd Lumbar Vertebrae
2) Liter
LA;
1) Left Atrium
2) Latex Agglutination
L & A; Light & Accommodation; 광선및 조절
LAA; Left Atrial(or Auricular) Appendage
Lab., lab.; Laboratory; 검사실
LAD;
1) Left Axis Deviation; 좌축 편위
2) Left Anterior Descending coronary artery
LAE;
1) Late Asthmatic Effect
2) Left Atrial Enlargement
LAH; Left Atrial Hypertrophy
LAI assay; Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition assay
LAK T cells; Lymphokine Activated Killer T cells
LAMB Syndrome; Lentigines, Atrial myxoma, Blue nevi Syndrome
LAP;
1) Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase
2) Leucine Amino-Peptidase
LASER; Light Amplication by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LATS; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulating hormone(= Stimulator)
lb; libra; pound
LBBB; Left Bundle Branch Block
LBP; Low Back Pain
LBW; Low Birth Weight
LBWI; Low Birth Weight Infant; 저출생체중아(低出生體重兒)
원인
1. 모체;Mother
1) 자궁경관무력증;Cervical Incompetency
2) 자궁의 기형과 확장된(overdistended) 자궁
3) 산모의 심한 질병
1> 급성신우신염
2> 심한 폐렴으로 인한 저산소증
3> 습관성 미숙아 분만
2. 태아;Fetus
1) 선천성기형아
2) 태아적모구증
3) 염색체이상
4) 감염
3. 태반;Placenta
1) 양막 파열;Rupture of Amniotic Membrane
2) 태반의 조기박리및 전치 태반
3) 태반 기능 부전
4. 사회 경제적 원인; 사회 경제적 환경이 나쁜 경우
1) 나쁜 영양 상태
2) 부적절한 산전 간호
3) 환경에서 오는 Stress
LC; Liver Cirrhosis
LCA; Left Coronary Artery
LCAT; Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Transferase
LCC; Left Common Carotid artery
LCCA; Left Common Carotid Artery
LCP Disease; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
? Stages of LCP Disease(= Juvenile Idiopathic AVN)
1. Incipient or Synovitis Stage; 1 - 3 wk
2. Avascular or Aseptic Necrotic Stage; 6 Mo - 1 Yr
3. Regenerative or Fragmentation Stage; 1 - 3 Yr
4. Residual Stage or Reparative Stage
LD;
1) Lamina Densa
2) Lymphocyte Depletion
3) Lethal Dose; 치사량
LD50; Median Lethal Dose; 반치사량
LDH; Lactic Acid(Lactate) De-Hydrogenase; 유수탈수소효소
; < 370 Unit
증가하는 경우
1. AMI; Flipped Pattern; LDH1 > LDH2; 3 - 6 일에 최고치, 1주일 지나면 정상화
LDL; Low Density Lipoprotein; 저밀도 지질 단백질
LE; Lupus Erythematosus; 홍반성 루푸스(낭창)
L/E; Lower Extremity
LEMS; Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
LES; Lower Esophageal Sphincter; 하부 식도 괄약근
LESP; Lower Esophageal Sphincter Prssure
LF;
1) Lethal Factor
2) Line Feed
3) Left Foot
LFT; Liver Function Test
LGA; Large for Gestational Age; 과체중아
LGL Syndrome; Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome
LGV; Lympho-Granuloma Venereum
LH; Luteinizing Hormone
LHA; Left Hepatic Artery
LHRF; Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor
LHRH; Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone
? GnRH; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
= Gonadorelin
LI; Lateral Infarction
LIP; Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia
LL; Left Leg
LLL; Left Lower Lobe(of Lung)
LLOs; Legionella-Like Organisms
LLQ; Left Lower Quadrant; 좌측하부 4분의 1
LMA; Left Mento-Anterior
LMB; Left Main Bronchus
LMN; Lower Motor Neuron
LMP; Last Menstrual Period; 최종 월경기
LN; Lymph Node
LND; Light-Near Dissociation
LOA; Left Occipito-Anterior
LOC; Loss Of Consciousness
LOP; Left Occipito-Posterior
LOS; Lipo-Oligo-Saccharides
LP;
1) Lymphocyte Predominant
2) Lumbar Puncture
LP shunt; Lumbo-Peritoneal shunt
L-PAM; L-Phenyl-Alanine Mustard
= Melphalan
LPD; Luteal Phase Defect
LPF, lpf; Low Power Field; 저배율시야
LPH; Lipotropic Hormone
= Lipotropin
LPL; Lipo-Protein Lipase
LPM; Line Per Minute
LPO; Left Posterior Oblique view
LR; Light Perception
L/R; Light Reflex
LRE; Lamina Rara Externa
LRI; Lamina Rara Interna
L/S ratio; Lecithin/Sphingomyelin
> 2이나 IRDS가 오는 경우
1. DM Mother
2. Erythroblastosis Fetalis
3. Metabolic Disease of Fetus
4. Deficit of Phosphatidylglycerol
LSA; Left Subclavian Artery
LSB; Left Sternal Border
LSD; Lysergic acid Diethylamide
LSP;
1) Liver Specific Protein
2) Left Sacrum Posterior
L-tube; Levin tube
LT;
1) heat-Labile enteroToxin
2) Leuko-Trience
LTB4; Leuko-Trience B4
LTH; Low Temperature Holding Method of Pasteurization; 저온유지식살균법(우유소독법)
; 62 - 63 ℃, 30 min
LUF syndrome; Lutenized Unruptured Follicle syndrome
LUL; Left Upper Lobe(of Lung)
LUQ; Left Upper Quadrant; 좌측상부 4분의 1
LV;
1) Left Ventricle
2) Lateral Ventricle
LVEDV; Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume
LVESV; Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume
LVFP; Left Ventricular Filling Pressure
LVH; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
LVOT; Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
M;
1) Murmur
2) Male; 남자
M.; Mycoplasma(= Asterococcus)
M. Pneumoniae; 폐렴미코플라즈마
M-A tube; Miller Abbott tube
MAA; Macro-Aggregated Albumin
MAbs; Monoclonal Antibodies
MAC;
1) Maximal Allowable Concentration
2) MTX, Actinomycin-D, Cyclophosphamide
3) MTX, Actinomycin-D, Chlorambucin
MAD; Major Antigenic Determinant
MAG; Myelin Associated Glycoprotein
MAG; Mercapto-Acetyl-Triglycine
MAHA; Micro-Angiopathic Hemolytic Anemia; PB상 Helmet Cell
Thrombocytopenia중 MAHA유발
1. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
2. TTP
3. DIC
MAI; Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare
MALT; Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
MAO;
1) MonoAmine Oxidase
2) Maximal Acid Output
MAOI; MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitors
MAP; Mean Arterial Pressure
MAS; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; 태변(양수)흡인증후군
= Massive Aspiration Syndrome; 양수 대량 흡인 증후군
= Meconium Aspiration Pneumonia태변 흡인성 폐렴
MAST; Michigan Alcohol Screening test
MAT; Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
MBC;
1) Maximal Breathing Capacity
2) Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
MBD; Minimal Brain Dysfuction
MBK; Methylen Butyl-Ketone
MBV; Maximal Breathing Volume
= MVV
MC;
1) Musculo-Cutaneous
2) Mixed Cellularity
mc; most common
MCA; Middle Cerebral Artery
MCD;
1) Minimal Change Disease
2) Menstrual Cycle Day
mcg; microgram; μgm, 10-6 gm
MCH; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Hemoglobin; 26 - 33 pg; 평균적혈구 혈색소량
Hb
= ??????????? x 10
RBC Count
RBC Count는 106으로 나눈 숫자
MCHC; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Hemoglobin Concentration; 32 - 36 %; 평균적혈구 혈색소농도
Hb
= ???? x 100
Hct
의의; Hyperchromic, Normochromic, Hypochromic 의 구별
MCL; Minimal Change Disease
MCLS; Muco-Cutaneous Lymph node Syndrome
= Kawasaki Disease
MCN; Minimal Change Nephrotic syndrome
= MCNS
MCNS; Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
= MCN
MCO; Medical Care Organization; 의료조직
= HCO; Health Care Organization
MCP; Meta-Carpo-Phalangeal
MCP joint; Meta-Carpo-Phalangeal joint
MCT; Medium Chain Triglyceride
MCTD; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
MCV; Mean Corpuscular(= Cell) Volume; 80 - 100 fL(= 10-5 L); 평균적혈구용적
Hct
= ????????? x 10
RBC Count
RBC Count는 106으로 나눈 숫자
의의; Macrocytic, Normocytic, Microcytic의 구별
MD;
1) Medicinae(Medical) Doctor; 의학박사
2) Mid-Day; 정오
MDHP; Methylene Hydroxy-Di-Phosphonate
MDI; Manic(Mood) Depressive Illness
MDII; Multiple Daily Insulin Injections
MDM; Minor Determinant Mixture
MDP; Methylene Di-Phosphonate
MDR; Multi-Drug Resistance
MDS; Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome
= Refractory (Dysmyelopoietic) Anemia
= (Idiopathic) Myelodysplastic Syndrome
= Refractory Anemia
= Preleukemia
MEDAC Syndrome; Multiple-Endocrine Deficiency Autoimmune-Candidiasis
MEFR; Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate
MEFV; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume
MELAS Syndrome;
1. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy
2. Lactic Acidosis
3. Stroke Syndrome
MEM Test; Macrophage Electrophoretic Mobility Test
MEN; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
; AD Trait
1. MEN Type I(= Wermer Syndrome)
1) Hyperparathyroidism; Parathyroid gland 의 Adenoma
2) Pancreatic Islet Cell Adenoma(Tumor)
Insulinoma, Gastrinoma; Gastrin ?, Peptic Ulcer ?
3) Pituitary Adenoma; Gland 의 Chromophobe
임상적 특징
40 - 50 대에 많음
Three Endocrine Tissue의 Involvement; ? 90 %
2. MEN Type II(= Sipple's Syndrome)
1) Pheochromocytoma
2) Hyperparathyroidism(= parathyroid Hyperplasia)
3) Thyroid Medullary Ca
; parafollicular C cell origin, calcitonin producing tumor
Tx 원칙; Total Thyroidectomy
3. MEN Type III or IIb
1) Multiple Mucosal Neuroma/ Neurogenic Tumors
2) Hyperparathyroidism(= parathyroid Hyperplasia)
3) Thyroid Medullary Ca
4. McCune Albright Syndrome
MEOS; Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System
= MFOS; Mixed Function Oxidase System
MERRF Syndrome; Myoclonic Epilepsy & Ragged Red Fibers Syndrome
Met.; Metabilic; 대사성
MF;
1) Myelo-Fibrosis
= Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia with Myelo-Fibrosis
= Idiopathic Myelo-Fibrosis
2) Mycosis Fungoides; 균상 식육종
MFC; Mitomycin C, 5-FU, Cytosin, Arabinoside
MFH; Malignant Fibrous Histocytoma
MG;
1) Myasthenia Gravis
2) MonoGlyceride
3) Monoclonal Gammopathy
mg; milligram; 1/1000 gm, 10-3 gm
MGN; Membranous Glomerulo-Nephritis(Nephropathy)
MGUS; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance
MH; Malignant Hyperthermia
MHA-TP; Micro-Hemagglutination Assay for antibodies to Treponema Pallidum
MHC; Major Histocompatibility Complex
MHPG; 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxy-Phenyl Glycol
MI;
1) Mitral Insufficient
= MR
2) Myocardial Infarction; 심근 경색증 ? AMI
3) Mind Identity
MIBG; Meta-Iodo-Benzyl-Guanidine
MIC; Minimum(Minimal) Inhibitory Concentration
MID; Multi-Infarct Dementia
MIF;
1) Mllerian Inhibiting Factor
2) Migrating Inhibition Factor
MIS; Meiosis-Inducing Substance
ml; milliliter; 1/1000 Liter, 10-3 L
MLC;
1) Minimal Lethal Concentration
2) Mixed Lymphocyte Culture
MLD; Metachromatic Leuko-Dystrophy
MLF; Median Longitudinal Fasciculus
Role; links the CN III Nucleus with Contralateral CN VI Nucleus
Conjugate Lateral Gaze 가능하도록
MM; Multiple Myeloma
mm; millimeter; 1/1000 Meter, 10-3 Meter
MMC; Meningo-Myelo-Cele
MMER; Maximal Mid Expiratory flow Rate
= MMEFR
MMEFR; Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow Rate
= MMER
MMPI; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; 미네소타 다면성 인격 검사(다면적 인성 검사)
MMR;
1) Measles, Mumps, Rubella; 홍역, 멈프스, 풍진
2) Mass Miniature Radiography
MMS; Mohs Micrographic Surgery
MN;
1) Membranous Nephropathy
2) Mid-Night; 자정
MODY; Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young(in Youth)
MOPP;
1) Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine, Prednisone
2) Nitrogen Mustard, Oncovin, Procarbazine, Prednisone
MP;
1) Marginal Pool
2) Metacarpal Phalangeal
MP joint; Metacarpo-Pharyngeal joint
MPA;
1) Mean Pulmonary Artery
2) Medroxy-Progesterone Acetate(Proveraⓡ)
3) Methylenedioxy Amphetamine
MPAP; Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
MPGN; Mesangial(Membrano-) Proliferative Glomerulo-Nephritis
MPH; Mid-Parental Height
MPN; 최확수
; 검수 100 ml에 대장균 균수의 이론상 가장 가능성이 있는 수치
eg) MPN 100; 100 ml중에 대장균균이 100이 있다는 의미
MPO; Myelo-Per-Oxidase
MPS;
1) Mononuclear Phagocyte System
2) Mucopolysaccharidosis; Muco 다당류 축적 질환
MPV; Mean Platelet Volume
MR;
1) Mitral Regurgitation
= MI
2) Minor Response
3) Mental Retardation; 정신지체
= Feebleminded, Mental Deficiency; 정신 박약
= Mental Subnormality; 정신 저하
= Subintelligencee; 저능
4) Magnetic Resonance
MR test; Methyl Red test
MRDM; Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus
MRI; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 자기 공명 영상
MRK Syndrome; Mayer-Rokitansky Kster Syndrome
= Mllerian Agenesis
MRKH Syndrome; Mayer-Rokitansky Kster-Hauser Syndrome
= Mllerian Agenesis
MRM; Modified Radical Mastectomy
mRNA; messenger Ribo-Nucleic Acid
MRSA; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Tx
1. Bactrim(TMP/SMX) + Rifampin
2. Vancomycin
MS;
1) Mitral Stenosis
2) Multiple Sclerosis; 다발성 경화증
3) Macrophage System
ms; muscle
MSAFP; Maternal Serum Alpha(α)-Feto-Protein
MSD; Mean Sac Diameter; Gestational(G)-Sac의 크기
MSE; Mental Status Examination
MSH; Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
MSLT; Multiple Sleep Latency Test
MSP; Minute Sequence Pyelogram
MSU; Mono-Sodium Urate
MT;
1) Mantoux Test
2) Medical Technologist; 임상병리사
MTBE; Methyl-Tert-Butyl Ether
MTC; Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
MTD; Membrana Tympanic Dexter; Right Ear Drum; 우측 고막
MTP joint; Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal joint
MTS; Membrana Tympanic Sinister; Left Ear Drum; 좌측 고막
MTT; Metastatic Trophoblastic Tumor
MTX; MethoTreXate
MUP; Motor Unit Potential
= MUPs
MUPs; Motor Unit Potentials
= MUP
MURCS Associations; MUllerian duct aplasia, Renal aplasia, Cervico-thoracic vertebral(Somite) dysplasia Associations
MV; Mitral Valve
MVAC; Methotrexate, Vinblastin, Adriamycin(= Doxorubicin), Cisplatin
MVD; Micro-Vascular Decompression
? Ix
1. Trigeminal Neuralgia; SCA
2. Hemifacial Spasm; AICA
3. Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
MVP; Mitral Valve Prolapse; 승모판 탈출
MVV;
1) Maximal Voluntary Volume
= MBV
2) Maximal Voluntary Ventilation
MW; Molecular Weight
Myop.; Myopia
N.; Neisseria
N. gonorrhoeae(= gonococcus); 임균
N. intracellularis(= N. meningitidis); 수막염균
N. meningitidis(= Meningococcus); 수막염균
; Normal
NA;
1) Narcotic Anonymous
2) Nomina Anatomica; Anatomic Nomenclature; 해부학 명명법
Na+; Sodium; Electrolyte
NAAG; N-Acetyl Aspartyl Glutamate
NAD; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADP; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NAME Syndrome; Nevi, Atrial myxoma, Myxoid neurofibroma, Ephelides Syndrome
NAP; N-Acetyl-d-Penicillamine
NB; New-Born
NBTE; Non-Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
NBT test; Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium (dye reduction) test
; Chronic Granulomatous Disease진단에 사용
NCA; National Council on Alcoholism
NCF; Neutrophilic Chemotatic Factors
NCV; Nerve Conduction Velocity
NE; Nor-Epinephrine
NEC; Necrotizing Entero-Colitis
NED; No Evidence of Disease
NEEP; Negative End-Expiratory Pressure
NF; Neuro-Fibromatosis
= Von Recklinghausen's Disease
NF 1; Neuro-Fibromatosis type 1
NF 2; Neuro-Fibromatosis type 2
NFVVE; Normal Fullterm Vaginal Vacuum Extraction
NG;
1) Naso-Gastric
2) N Gonorrhea
NG tube; Naso-Gastric tube
NGO; Non-Governmental Organization; 민간조직
NGU; Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
NH; Nodular Histiocytic
NHL; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
NIDDM; Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
= Type II DM
NIH; National Institutes of Health
NIMH-ECA; NIMH-Epidemiologic Catchment Area
NIP; Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonitis
NK cell; Natural Killer cell
NKA; Neuro-Kinin A
NKHS; Non-Ketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome
NL, nl; Normal
NM;
1) Neuro-Muscular
2) Neo-Mycin
Nm; Neuromodulator
NMLH; Nodular Mixed Lymphocytic Histocytic
NMN; N-Methyl-Nicotinamide
NMR; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; 핵자기 공명술
NMS; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
NO3; 질산성산소
NOR; Nucleolar Organizing Region
NP; Nucleoside Phosphorylase
NPDL; Nodular Poorly Differentiated Lymphocytic
NPH;
1) Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin
= Isophane Insulin Suspension
2) Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
NPN; Non-Protein Nitrogen; 비단백질소
NPO; Nulli(Non) Per Os; Nothing by Mouth; 금식
NPT; Nocturnal Penile Tumescence; 야간 음경 팽대
NR; Normal Range
nr; ne repetatur; do not repeat; 반복을 금함
NREM; Non-Rapid Eye Movement
NS;
1) Nephrotic Syndrome
1. Proteinuria
1) Adult; ? 3.5 gm/Day
2) 소아; > 40 mg/ml/hr
2. Hypoalbuminemia; < 2.5 gm/dL
3. Generalized Edema
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. Lipiduria(Fat Globule in Urine)
2) Nodular Sclerosis
N/S; Normal Saline
NSAID; Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NSE; Neuron Specific Enolase
NSR; Normal Sinus Rhythm
NST; Non-Stress Test
NT, Nt; NeuroTransmitter
NTA;
1) Naso-Tracheal Aspiration
2) National Tuberculosis Association
NTM; Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria
NTV; Nervous Tissue Vaccine; 신경 조직 백신
NVD; Neck Vein Distension
NVE; Native Valve Endocarditis
NYHA; New York Heart Association
Heart Disease에 대한 Functional Classification
1. Class I; No Limitation of Physical Activity
; 심장질환이 있으나 물리적 활동에 제약이 없음
2. Class II; Slight Limitation of Physical Activity
; 물리적 활동에 약간의 제약, 일반적 활동시 과도한 피로, 심계항진, 호흡곤란, 협심증이 나타남
1) Class IIa; the patient can keep up with others walking on th flat but has limitation on more severe exercise such as climbing stairs
2) Class IIb; the patient has slight limitation on all forms of physical activity
3. Class III; Marked Limitation of Physical Activity
; 물리적 활동에 현저한 제한, 일상적 활동보다 미약한 활동에 의해 과도한 피로, 심계항진, 호흡곤란, 협심증이 나타남
4. Class IV; Unable to carry on any Physical Activity without discomfort
; 불편함 없이는 어떠한 물리적 활동도 시행못함
O2; Oxygen; 산소
OA; Osteo-Arthritis
= DJD
O/A; Omentectomy & Appendectomy
OAF; Osteoclast Activating Factor
OB;
1) Occult Blood
2) OBstetrics; 산과학
OBS(?); Organic Brain Syndrome
OC;
1) Osteo-Calcin
2) Oral Contraceptive
OCA; Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism
OCAA; Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma Associated Antigen; Serous Mucinous Ovarian Tumor에만 나타남
OCG; Oral Cholecysto-Graphy
OCs; Oral Contraceptives
OCT;
1) Ornithine Carbamyl Transferase
2) Oxytocin Challenge Test
OD;
1) Doctor of Optometry
2) Oculus Dexter; Right Eye; 우측눈
3) Over-Dose
ODT; Occlusive Dressing Technique; 밀봉 요법
OER; Oxygen Enhancement Ratio
OFC; Occipito-Frontal Circumstance; 두위
= Head Circumstance
OG; Osmolar Gap; 10 mOsm/kg
= measured Osm - calculated Osm
OGTT; Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
o.h.; omii hora; every hour; 매시간
OHA; Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
OHS; Open Heart Surgery
OKN; Opto-Kinetic Nystagmus
OLA; Occipito Laevo Anterior; Left Occipito Anterior; 후두전좌측의
OM;
1) Otitis Media
2) Osteo-Myelitis
OMI; Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor
OP; Osteo-Pontin
Op, op.; Operation; 수술
OPD; Out-Patient Department; 외래
OPP; Organo-Phosphorous Pesticide; 유기인제
1. Parathion
2. DDVP
3. Malathion
4. Ethion
5. Diazinon
6. Phorate
ophth.; ophthalmology
OPV; Oral Polio-Vaccine; 경구용 소아마비 백신
OR;
1) Operating Room; 수술실
2) Open Reduction
O/R; Open Reduction
Ortho.; Orthop(a)edics
OS;
1) Opening Snap
2) Orthopedic(Osteo)-Surgery; 정형 외과
3) Oculus Sinister; Left Eye; 좌측 눈
OSA; Obstructive Sleep Apnea
OT; Old Tuberculin
OT test; Ortho-Toluidine test; 잔류 염소의 측정; 비색법
; OT는 염소와 화합하여 생성하는데 두색의 농도를 표준색과 비교함으로써 잔류염소량을 측정하게 된다.
OTC; Ornithine Trans-Carbamylase
Oto.; Otology
OU; Oculus Uterque; Each Eyes, Both Eyes; 두눈 다
Oz. oz.; ounce
P;
1) Phosphorous
2) Pulse; 맥박
P.; Plasmodium; 말라리아 원충(속)
P. Falciparum; 열대열원충
P. Malariae; 사일열원충
P. Ovale; 난형열원충
P. Vivax; 삼일열원충
P2; Pulmonary Component of the Second Heart Sound(S2)
PA;
1) Pernicious Anemia; 악성빈혈
2) Pulmonary Artery
3) Protective Antigen
4) Postero-Anterior; 배복의
PABA; Para(ρ)-Amino-Benzoic Acid
PAC; Premature Atrial Contraction
PaCO2; Carbon Dioxide Pressure; amount of CO2 in arterial Blood
PAF; Platelet Activating Factor
PAG; Peri-Aqueductal Gray
PAGE; Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
PAH;
1) Para(p)-Amino-Hippurate
2) Primary Alveolar Hyperventilation
PAh; Primary Alveolar hypoventilation
= PAH
PAIg; Platelet Associated Ig
PAM; 2-Pyridine Aldoxime Methiodide
PAN;
1) Poly-Arteritis Nodosa; 결절성 다발성 동맥염
2) Peroxy-Acyl-Nitrate
3) Periarteritis Nodosa [HP 1323]
PAO; Peak(ed) Acid Output
PaO2; Oxygen Pressure; amount of O2 in arterial blood
PAP;
1) Prostatic Acid Phosphatase; 전립성 산성 인산분해효소
2) Primary Atypical Pneumonia; 원발성 이형 폐렴
3) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Pap smear(= test); Papanicolaou smear(= test)
PAPP; Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein
Para.; Parere; to Bear; 출산
PAS;
1) Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain
2) Para-Amino-Salicyclic Acid
= PASA
3) Peripheral Anterior Synechia; 홍채주변 전유착
4) Pro Audio Spectrum
PASA; Para-Amino-Salicyclic Acid
= PAS
PAT; Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
PB; Peripheral Blood
PBC; Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
PBG; Porpho-Bilinogen
PBI;
1) Penile Brachial Index
2) Protein-Bound Iodine; 단백 결합 요오드
PBPs; Penicillin-Binding Proteins
PB test; Paul Bunnell test
PC;
1) Phosphatidyl Choline
2) Pyruvate Carboxylase
Pc; Penicillin
p.c.; post cibum; after meals; 식후
PCA;
1) Passive Cutaneous Araphylaxis
2) Posterior Cerebral Artery
PCG; Phono-Cardio-Gram; 심음도
PCH; Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
PCHA; Peri-Chloecystic Hepatic Activity
PCI; Prophylatic Cranial Irradiation
PCK; Poly-Cystic Kidney
PCM; Protein Calorie Malnutrition
= PEM
PCMV; Parietal Cell Mass Vagotomy
PCN; Penicillin
PCNA; Per-Cutaneous Needle Aspiration of lung
PCO; Poly-Cystic Ovary
PCOD; Poly-Cystic Ovary Disease
= Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
P-COM; Posterior COMmunicating artery
PCOS; Poly-Cystic Ovary(Ovarian) Syndrome
PCP;
1) Phencyclidine
= Angel Dust
2) Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
PCR; Polymerase Chain Reaction
Pcr; Plasma Creatinine
PCT;
1) Post-Coital Test
= Sims-Hubner Test
2) Porphyria Cutanea Tarda; 만발성 피부 Porphyria
PCV; Packed Cell Volume
PCWP; Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
PD;
1) Peritoneal Dialysis
2) Personality Disorder
PDA; Patent Ductus Arteriosus; 동맥관개존증(動脈管開存症)
? CIx of Op
1. severe Pulmonary Vascular Disease
2. Eisenmenger's Disease
PDE; Phospho-Di-Esterase
PDGF-B; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-B
PDHC; Pyruvate De-Hydrogenase Complex
PDR; Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy; 증식성 당뇨 망막증
PDW; Platelet Distribution Width
PE;
1) Physical Examination; 신체검사
= P/E
2) Pleural Effusion
3) Pericardial Effusion
PE tube; Polyethylene Ventilating tube placed in the eardrum
P/E; Physical Examination
= PE
Ped.; Pediatrics; 소아과학
PEEP; Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
? Ix
1. PaO2 < 60 mmHg, when FiO2 > 0.5
2. A-aDO2 > 300 mmHg
Shunt > 30 %(n; 5 %)
3. Adequate IV Volume
4. No Response to other Tx
PEFR, PEF; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
PEG; Pneumo-Encephalo-Graphy
PEM; Protein-Energy Malnutrition
= PCM; Protein Calorie Malnutrition
PEMA; Phenyl-Ethyl-Malonanide
PEP; Protein Electro-Phoresis
PET; Positron Emission Tomography
PEV; cis-Platinum, Etoposide, Vinblastine
PF;
1) Platelet Factor
2) Pemphigus Foliaceus
PFC; Persistent Fetal Circulation; 태아 순환 지속증
= PPHN
PFO; Patent Foramen Ovale
PFT;
1) Platelet Function Test
2) Pulmonary Function Test
PG;
1) Prosta-Glandin
2) Plasma Glucose
3) Phosphatidyl Glycerol
PGA; Poly-Glandular Autoimmune syndrome
PGE2; Prosta-Glandin E2
PGV; Proximal Gastric Vagotomy
PH; Past History; 과거력, 기왕력
Ph; Philadelphia
pH; 수소이온농도지수; Hydrogen Ion or Degree of Acidity; 수소지수, 산도
PHA; Phyto-HemAgglutinin
PhD; Philosophy Doctor
phon; 음의 크기의 수준; 음의 고저와 감도
; dB와 phon과의 관계는 주파수에 따라 달라지고 1,000 Hz에서 dB = phon이므로
; 1,000 Hz 기준으로 해서 나타낸 dB
PHP; Pseudo-Hypo-Parathyroidism
PI;
1) Pulmonary Insufficience(Incompetence)
= PR
2) Phosphatidyl Inositol
PICA; Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
; Obstruction시에 Wallenberg's Syndrome(= Lateral Medullary Syndrome)
PID;
1) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; 골반 염증성 질환 [Chap 89, HP 534-8]
2) Plasma Iron Disappearance
PIE;
1) Post-Infectious Encephalomyelitis
2) Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema; 폐간질기종
3) Pulmonary Infiltration with Eosinophil
PIF;
1) Proliferation Inhibitory Factor
2) Prolactin release Inhibiting Factor
PIH; Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Pil., pil; Pilula; Pill; 환약
PIP; Proximal Inter-Phalangeal
PIP2; Phosphatidyl-Inositol 4,5-bi-Phosphate
PIP joint; Proximal Inter-Phalangeal joint
PIPE test;
PIT; Plasma Iron Turnover
P-J syndrome; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
PK;
1) Poly Klinic
2) Pyruvate Kinase
P-K syndrome; Paterson-Kelly syndrome
PK test; Prausnitz-Ku:stner test
PKD; Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
PKU; Phenyl-Keton-Uria; 페닐케톤뇨증
PL; PLatelet phospholipid
PLA2; PhosphoLipase A2
PLD; POtentially Lethal Damage
PLT; Primed Lymphocyte Typing
PM;
1) Polymyositis
2) afternoon; 오후
PMC; Pseudo-Membranous Colitis
PMD; Progressive Muscular Dystrophy; 진행성 근이영양증
Types of PMD(Progressive Muscular Dystrophy; 진행성 근이영양증)
1. Duchenne Type; mc
2. Limb-Girdle Type
3. Fascio-Scapulo-Humeral Type
4. Distal Type
5. Ophthalmoplegic Type
PMF; Progressive Massive Fibrosis
= Silicosis
PMI;
1) Point of Maximal Impulse(= Intensity)
2) Proportional Mortality Index; 비례 사망자수(%)
50 세 이상의 사망자수
= ????????????????????? X 100
전체 사망자수
PMN; Poly-Morpho-Nuclear Leukocytes
PMNL; Poly-Morpho-Nuclear neutrophilic Leukocyte
PMR; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
PMS; Pre-Menstrual Syndrome
PN;
1) Pyelo-Nephritis
2) Practical Nurse; 준간호사(準看護師)
Pn, pn; pneumonia
PND; Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
PNE; Practical Nurse's Education; 준간호사교육(準看護師敎育)
PNET; Primitive Neuro-Ectodermal(-Epithelial) Tumor
PNH; Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
PNI; Prognostic Nutritional Index
PNL; Percutaneous Nephro-Lithotomy(= -Litholapaxy, = -Lithotripsy)
PNS; Peripheral Nervous System;
PNT; Paroxysmal Nodal Tachycardia
PO, p.o.;
1) Per Os; by mouth; 구강으로, 경구로
2) Phone Order; 전화지시
3) Post Operative; 수술후
POA;
1) Pancreatic Oncofetal Antigen
2) Problem Oriented Approach
POD; Post-Operative Day
POEMS syndrome
Polyneuropathy
Organomegaly
Endocrinopathy
M proteins
Skin change syndrome
POMC; Pro-Opio-Melano-Cortin
POMD; Problem-Oriented Medical Diagnosis
POMR; Problem Oriented Medical Record; 문제 지향식(중심식) 진료 기록
POR; Problem Oriented Record
PP;
1) Presenting Part
2) Plasma-Pheresis
3) Pancreatic Polypeptide
4) erythropoetic Proto-Porphyria
PP2; 2 Hrs Post-Prandial plasma glucose Level
P-P factor; Pellagra Preventive factor
= Vitamin G
PPC; Proximal Palmar Crease
PPDs; (Tuberculin) Purified Protein Derivatives
PPDA; Para-phenylene Di-Amine
PPDR; Pre-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
PPF; Plasma Protein Fraction
PP5; Placental Protein 5
PPHN; Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn; 신생아 폐동맥 고혈압 존속증
= PFC
PPHP; Pseudo-Pseudo-Hypo-Parathyroidism
PPL; Penicilloyl Poly-Lysine
PPM, ppm, p.p.m.; Parts Per Million; 100만분의 1; 기체또는기체화의 공업독물을 측정할때 사용하는 농도의 단위
22.4
= mg/m2 x ???????
분자량
PPNG; Penicillinase-Producing NG
PPRF; Pontine Paramedian Reticular Formation
PR;
1) Pulmonary Regurgitation
= PI
2) Partial Response
3) Pulse Rate
PRA;
1) Plasma Renin Activity
2) Phospho-Ribosyl-Amine
PRCA; Pure Red Cell Aplasia
PRF; Prolactin-Releasing Factor
PRIST;
; Total IgE Test
PRL; Prolactin
p.r.n.; pro re nata; as necessary(= needed); 필요시, 필요한만큼
PRNT; Plaque Reduction Neutrolization Test
PROM;
1) Premature Rupture of Amniotic Membrane; < Labor Onset
2) Preterm Rupture of Amniotic Membrane; < 38 wk
PRP;
1) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis
2) Platelet Rich Plasma
3) Poly-Ribo-Phosphate
4) Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation; 범안저 광응고술
PRPP; Phospho-Ribosyl-Pyro-Phosphate
PRSL; Potential Renal Solute Load
PS;
1) Pulmonary Stenosis
2) Performance Status
PSA; Prostate(Prostatic)-Specific Antigen; 전립선 특이 항원
PSB; Protected double-Sheathed Brush
PSC; Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
PSD; Posterior Sagital Distance
PSE; Present State Examination; WHO에서 고안
PSGN; Post-Streptococcal Glomerulo-Nephritis
PSIS; Posterior Superior Iliac Spine; 상후장골극, 위뒤장골가시
PSP;
1) Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning; 조개 중독
2) Pregnant Specific Protein
PSP test; Phenol-Sulfon-Phthalein test
PS test; Pancreozymin-Secretion test
= combined secretin-CCK test
PSVT; Paroxysmal Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia
? Tx
1. Carotid Massage or Vagal Stimulation
2. Verapamil
3. Propranol or Digitalis
4. Procainamide; Reentry PSVT시
PT;
1) Prothrombin Time
2) Physical Therapy; 물리요법
3) Pulmonary Trunk
Pt., pt.; Patient
pt.; pint; 파인트
PTA;
1) Prior To Admission
2) Plasma Thromboplatin Antecedent
PTB cast; Patella Tendon Bearing cast; 슬개건부하석고붕대(膝蓋腱負荷石膏繃帶)
PTBD; Percutaneous Transhepatic Bile Drainage
PTC;
1) Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
= PTHC
2) Plasma Thromboplastin Component
= Christmas Factor
= Factor IX
3) Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
PTCA;
1) Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
; 경피적 경혈관 관상동맥 확장술
2) Percutaneous Transmural Coronary Angioplasty
PTE; Pulmonary ThromboEmbolism
PTH; ParaThyroid Hormone
PTH-rP; ParaThyroid Hormone related Protein
PTHC; Percutaneous Trans-Hepatic Cholangiography(-gram)
= PTC
PTP; Post-Transfusion Purpura
PTSD; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; 외상후 스트레스 장애
PTSG; Partial Thickness Skin Graft
PTT; Partial Thromboplastin Time
PTU; Prophyl-Thio-Uracil
PTVO; Percutaneous Transhepatic Variceal Obliteration
pulv.; pulvis; Powder; 분제, 가루약
PUN; Plasma Urea Nitrogen; 혈장 요소 질소
PUV; Posterior Urethro-Vesical angle
PUVA; Psoralen & Ultra Violet A
PV; Polycythemia Vera
Pv; Prevention; 예방
P-V syndrome; Plummer-Vinson syndrome
PVB; Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Bleomycin
PVC; Premature Ventricular Contraction(s)
= VEB
? Ix of Tx
1. Symptomatic PVC
2. Asymptomatic PVC
1) R on T
2) Multifocal PVCs
3) PVC > 5/min
4) Bigeminal Pattern
5) Couplets & Salvos ? 3
PVE; Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
PVR; Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
PVT; Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia
PWN; Poke-Weed Mitogen
PWP; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
Px; Prognosis
PYP; PYro-Phosphate
Pz; Pancreozymin
PZA; PyraZinAmide
PZI; Protamine Zinc Insulin
QCT; Quantitative Computed Tomography
q.d.; quaque die; Once a Day, Every Day; 하루 한번, 매일
q.h.; quaque hora; Every Hour; 매시간
q.2h.; Every 2(Two) Hour; 매 2시간마다
QID, qid, q.i.d.; Quarter In Die; Four Times a Day; 하루 네번, 1일 4회(一日四回)
q.l.; quantum libet; as much as desired; 필요한 만큼
q.m.; quaque matin; Every Morning; 매일 아침
q.n.; quaque nox; Every Night; 매일 밤
q.n.s.; quantity not sufficiency; 양부족
Qp/Qs
Ao - SVC
= ??????????
PV - PA(O2 Saturation, %)
q.q.h.; quaque quarta hora; Every Four Hours; 매 4시간마다
q.s.; quantum satis; sufficient quantity; 충분한 양
R; Respiration; 호흡
R.; Rickettia; 리케치아(속)
R. Typhi; 발진열리케치아
RA;
1) Refractory Anemia
2) Rheumatoid Arthritis ? Arthritis
3) Right Atrium
RAA; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
RAD; Right Axis Deviation; 우축 편위
rad; radiation absorbed dose
RADP; Right Acromio-Dorso-Posterior
RAE; Right Atrial Enlargement
RAEB; Refractory Anemia with Excess of Blasts
RAEB-T; Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation
RAF; Receptor Accessory Factor
RAH; Right Atrial Hypertrophy
RAIU; Radio-Active Iodine Uptake
방법; 소량(5 - 10 uCi)의 131I을 경구투여후 2, 6, 12, 24시간등 일정한 시간 경과후 갑상선에서의 섭취율을 측정하는 것으로 전반적인 갑상선 기능상태를 측정하는 검사법
; 정상치는 식사내 옥소 섭취의 정도에 따라 다르나 10 - 40 %(24시간)을 기준으로 한다.
증가하는 경우
1. 옥소 결핍(Iodine Deficiency)
2. 갑상선 기능항진증
1) Graves Disease
2) Toxic Adenoma
3. TSH가 상승되어 있는 경우
1) 갑상선 기능저하증의 초기
2) 갑상선 호르몬 합성억제
감소하는 경우
1. 옥소 과잉상태
2. 갑상선 기능저하증
3. 갑상선 중독저하증(Thyrotoxicosis)
1) Subacute Thyroiditis
2) Painless Thyroiditis or Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
3) Thyrotoxicosis Factitia
4) 이소성 갑상선의 기능항진
1> Struma Ovarii
2> Substernal Thyroid의 기능항진
3> 전이된 갑상선암의 기능항진
5) Iodide induced Thyrotoxicosis
RAPD; Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
RARS; Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblast
= AISA
RAS;
1) Reticular Activating(Activation) System
2) Renal Artery Stenosis
RAST; Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test
; Specific IgE Test
RAW; Resistance of Airway; 기도저항
RBBB; Right Bundle Branch Block
RBC; Red Blood Cell (Count); 적혈구, 적혈구수
RBCA; Right Brachio-Cephalic(Innominate) Artery
RBE; Relative Biological Effectiveness
RBF; Renal Blood Flow
RBL; Respiratory Bronchiole
RBP; Retinol Binding Protein
rCBF; regional Cerebral Blood Flow
R-C sign(spot); Red Cherry sign(spot)
RCA; Right Coronary Artery
RCC; Right Common Carotid artery
RDC; Research Diagnostic Criteria; 연구진단 기준
RDI; Respiratory Disturbance Index
RDS; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; 호흡 곤란 증후군
RDW; Red cell Distribution Width
RE; Regional Enteritis
ReA; Reactive Arthritis
REM;
1) Rapid Eye Movement; 급속 안구 운동
2) Radiation Equivalent to Man
rem; Roentgen Equivalent Man
1 rem = 1 rad x RBE
RER; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
RES; Reticulo-Endothelial System
Resp.; Respiration; 호흡성
RF;
1) Renal Failure
2) Rheumatic Fever ? Rheumatic Fever
3) Right Foot
RFI; Renal Failure Index
Urine Na
= ??????????????????????
Urine Cr / Plasma Cr
RFLPs; Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms; 제한효소단편장다형
RFP; RiFamPin
RFT; Renal Function Test
RGB; Red, Green, Blue
RGM; Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria
rGM-CSF; recombinant Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
RGP; Retro-Grade Pyelography
RGU; Retro-Grade Urethrogram
Rh; Rhesus; Rhesus Monkey(Rh Blood Type); 리저스 원숭이(Rh식 혈액형)
RHA; Right Hepatic Artery
RhoGAM; Rho(D) Immuno-Globulin
RI; Regular Insulin
RIA; Radio-Immuno-Assay; 방사 면역법
RIBA; Recombinant Immuno-Blot Assay
RIF; Rifampin
RIG; Rabies Immune Globulin
RIND; Residual(= Reversible) Ischemic Neurologic Deficit
RIP; Respiratory Inversion Point
RIPA; Radio-Immuno(= Immune)-Precipitation(Precipitin) Assay
RIST; Radio-Immuno-Sorbent Test
RLL; Right Lower Lobe(of Lung)
RLQ; Right Lower Quadrant; 우측하부 4분의 1
RMA; Right Mento-Anterior
RMB; Right Main Bronchus
RMP; Right Mento-Posterior
RMR; Resting Metabolic Rate
= Resting Energy Expenditure
RMSF; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
RN; Registered Nurse; 등록(면허)간호사
RNA; Ribo-Nucleic Acid
RND; Radical Neck Dissection
RNS test; Repetitive Nerve Stimulation test
ROA; Right Occipito-Anterior
ROC; Receptor Operated Channel
ROM;
1) Range Of Motion; 운동범위
2) Rupture Of amniotic Membrane
ROP;
1) Retinopathy Of Prematurity; 미숙아 망막증
= Retinolental Fibroplasia; 수정체후 섬유 망막증
2) Right Occipito-Posterior
ROT; Right Occipito-Transverse
RP; Retrograde Pyelogram
RPA; Right Pulmonary Artery
RPF; Renal Plasma Flow
RPGN; Rapidly Progressive Glomerulo-Nephritis
RPI; Reticulocyte Production Index
RPLND; Retro-Peritoneal Lymph Node Dissection
RPM, rpm; Revolutions Per Minute; 분당회전수, 원심분회
RPO; Right Posterior Oblique view
RPR; Rapid Plasma Reagin
RPTA; Renal Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
RR;
1) Respiratory Rate
2) Relative Risk; 비교위험도
위험인자에 Exposed된 Group의 Incidence
= ????????????????????????????????????????????
위험인자에 Non-Exposed된 Group의 Incidence
RS cell; Reed Sternberg cell
RS virus; Respiratory Synthitial virus
RSB; Right Sternal Border
RSDS; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
RSP; Rapid Sequence IVP
RSSP; Russian Spring-Summer Panencephalitis
RST; Reagin Screen Test
RT; Rebound Tenderness
RTA; Renal Tubular Acidosis
RT3; Resin T3
rT3; reverse T3
RT3U; Resin T3 Uptake
rt-PA; recombinant tissue-Plasminogen Activator
= Alteplase
RTx; Radiotherapy
RUL; Right Lower Lobe(of Lung)
RUQ; Right Upper Quadrant; 우측상부 4분의 1
RV;
1) Residual Volume
2) Right Ventricle
RVE; Right Ventricular Enlargement
RVG; Radionuclide Ventriculo-Gram
RVH; Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
RVOT; Right Ventricle Outflow Tract
RVT; Renal Vein Thrombosis
RWMA; Regional Wall Motion Abnormality
Rx; Recipe; Take(Prescription); 취하다.(처방전)
Rxn; Reaction
S.;
1) Staphylococcus; 포도구균(속)
S. albus; 백색포도상구균
S. aureus; 황색포도상구균
S. epidermis; 표피포도상구균
2) Streptococcus; 연쇄구균(속)
S. hemolyticus; 용혈연쇄구균
S. pyogenes; 화농성연쇄구균
S. viridans; 녹색연쇄구균
; sine; without; ~외에
S1; First Heart Sound
S2; Second Heart Sound
SA;
1) Sideroblastic Anemia
2) Sino-Atrial
SA node; Sino-Atrial node; 동방결절(洞房結節)
= SAN
RA의 posterior wall에 위치
SAA;
1) Severe Aplastic Anemia
2) Serum Amyloid A protein
SAB; Sub-Arachnoidal Block
SACH foot; Solid-Ankle Cushion Heel foot
SACT; Sinus Atrial Conduction Time
SAD; Seasional Affective Disorder; 계절성 정동 장애
SADS; Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia; 미국 고안
SAH; Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage; (뇌)지주막하출혈
? Complications
1. Ischemic Focal Defect
2. Rebleeding; < 24 Hr; 1 - 2 Days
3. Vasospasm; 3 - 4 Day째 시작
4. Communicating Hydrocephalus
5. Electrolyte Imbalance
SAICAR; Succinyl-Amino-Imidazole Carbox-Amide Ribotide
SAM; Systolic Anterior Motion( of mitral valve); 수축기 전방 운동
SAN; Sino-Atrial Node; 동방결절
= SA node
SAP; Serum Amyloid Plasma component
SBB; Sudan Black B
SBE; Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis; 아급성 세균성 심내막염
SBP; Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
SB tube; Sengstaken-Blakemore tube
S.C.; Sub Cutis; Sub-Cutaneous(ly) injection; 피하로, 피하주사
SCA; Superior Cerebellar Artery
SCAMC; Symphosia on Computer Applications in Medical Care
SCC;
1) Sude Chain-Cleavage Complex
2) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SCD;
1) Sickle Cell Disease
2) Subacute Combined Degeneration
SCE; Sister Chromatid Exchange; 자매염색부체 교환
SC joint; Sterno-Clavicular joint
SCID; Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency; 중증 복합 면역 결핍증
SCL-90; Symptom Check List-90
SCLC; Small Cell Lung Ca
SCLE; Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
SCM; Sterno-Cleido-Mastoid muscle
SCMCT; Sperm Cervical Mucus Contact Test
SCT; Sentence Completion Test; 문장 완성 검사
SCUF; Slow Continous Ultra-Filtration
SD; Standard Deviation; 표준편차
S/D ratio; Systolic / Diastolic ratio
SDH; Sub-Dural Hematoma; 경뇌막하혈종
SDS-PAGE; Sodium DodecylSulfate-PolyacrylAmide Gel Electrophoresis
SE; Side Effect
Sed. Rate; Sedimentation Rate; 침강 속도
= SR
SEP; Sensory Evoked Potential
SER;
1) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
2) Sedimentation Erythrocyte Rate
3) Somatosensory Evoked Response
SES; Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
SET; Singlephoton Emission Tomography
= SPECT
17-OHCS; 17-OH(Hydroxy)-Corticosteroid
17-KS; 17-Keto-Steroid
SFD; Small For Dates
SFV; Semliki Forest Virus
SG; Specific Gravity
SGA; Small for Gestational Age; 부당 경량아
S-G catheter; Swan-Ganz catheter;
s.gl.; without correction without glasses
SGOT; Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
= AST
SGPT; Serum Glutamate(Glutamic) Pyruvate(Pyruvic Acid) Transaminase
= ALT
SH; Serum Hepatitis
SHBG; Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
SI; System of International Units
(Systeme International D'unites)
SI joint; Sacro-Iliac joint
SIADH; Syndrome of Inappropriate secretion of Anti-Diuretic Hormone; 항이뇨 호르몬 분비 이상 증후군
SIBC; Saturation Iron Binding Capacity
SIDS; Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; 영아 돌연사 증후군
= Crib Death
6-TG; 6-Thio-Guanine
SK;
1) Strepto-Kinase
2) Sub
SLD; Sub-Lethal Damage
SLE; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; 전신성 홍반성 루푸스(낭창)(全身性 紅斑性)
SLR test; Straight Leg Raising test
SM; Strepto-Mycin
SMA;
1) Smooth Muscle Antibodies
2) 척수성 근위축증
3) Superior Mesenteric Artery
SMBG; Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose
SMD; Spine Malleolar Distance
SMDS; Sudden Manhood Death Syndrome; 청장년 급사 증후군
SMR;
1) Sex Maturity Rating;성(性)성숙도
2) Standarized Mortality Ratio
SMX; Sulfamethoxazole
SNGFR; Single Nephron Glomerular Filtration Rate
SNRT; Sinus Node Recovery Time
SO2; 이산화황, 아황산가스; 식물파괴
SO3; 아황산
SOB; Shortness Of Breath; 호흡 촉박
SOD; Super-Oxide Dismutase
SOL; Space Occupying Lesion
Sol.; Solution
SOM; Suppurative Otitis Media
sone; 소음의 크기의 양적 단위; 감각량
1 sone; 1,000 Hz 의 순음이 40 dB일때
SOREM; Sleep Onset Rapid Eye Movement
SOS, S.O.S.; 위급시
SP; Substance P
SP1; pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein
SPA;
1) Single Photon Absorptiometry
2) Sperm Penetration Assay
SPC; Supra-Pubic Cystostomy
SPD; Storage Pool Disease
SPECT; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
= SET
sp.gr.; specific gravity; 비중
SPR; Schizophrenia
SPS; Sleep Promoting Substance
SQ; Social Quotient; 사회지수
SR;
1) Sinus Rhythm
2) Sedimentation Rate; 침강 속도
= Sed. Rate
3) Systemic Review
SRIF; Somatotropin Release-Inhibitory Factor
= Somatostatin
SRS-A; Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis
SS; Suspended Solid; 수중의 부수성 물질의 양(? 70 ppm)
ss; semis; one half; 반
s.s.; soap solution; 비눗물
SSA; Sulfo-Salicylic Acid
SSc; Systemic Sclerosis
SSPE; Subacute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis
SSS; Sick Sinus Syndrome
= Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome
SSSS; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
ST; heat-Stable enteroToxin
staph.; staphylococcus; 포도상구균
stat.; statim; Immediately; 즉시
STD;
1) Sexual Transmitted Disease
2) STanDards
STDs; Sexual Transmitted Diseases [Chap 88, HP 534-43]
STH; Somato-Tropic Hormone
strep.; streptococcus; 연쇄상구균
STS; Serologic(al) Test(s) for Syphilis; 매독혈청시험
STSG; Split Thickness Skin Graft
SV; Stroke Volume
SVC;
1) Superior Vena Cava
2) Super-Visor Call
SVR; Systemic Venous Resistance
SVT; Supra-Ventricular Tachycardia; 심실성 빈맥
syr.; syrupus; syrup
Sz; Seizure
T;
1) Testosterone
2) Tenderness
3) Thoracic Vertebrae
T1; 1st Thoracic Vertebrae
T2; 2nd Thoracic Vertebrae
4) Temperature; 온도
TA; Tricuspid Atresia
Tab; Tabella; Tablet; 정제
TAE; Trans-Arterial(-Catheter) Embolization
Angiography와 동시에 Gel Form과 CTx Agent의 Mixed material을 Shooting하여 Cancer 부위의 Infarction, Necrosis및 Local CTx Effect를 얻을수 있다.
TAH; Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
TAHL; Thick Ascending limb of Henle's Loop
TAO; Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans
= Buerger's Disease
TAPVC; Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection; 전폐정맥 연결이상
= Transposition of the Pulmonary Vein
= TAPVR
TAPVR; Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
= TAPVC
4 Types of TAPVR
1. Supracardiac Type; mc; > 45 %
2. Intracardiac Type
3. Infracardiac Type
4. Mixed Type
TAR; Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius
TAT;
1) Thematic Apperception Test; 주제 통각 검사
2) (Equine) Tetanus Anti-Toxin; 항독소 테타누스
3) Toxin Anti-Toxin; 독소 항독소 혼합액
TB, Tb; TuBerculosis; 결핵
= Tbc
? CIX of Op
1. Pulmonary Function ?
2. Ventilatory Insufficiency
3. Debiliterating Disease
4. Endobronchial TB
Tb; biologic Half-Life
TBB; TransBronchial Biopsy
Tbc; Tuberculosis
= TB, Tb
TBG; Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
TBI; Total Body Irradiation
TBII; TSH Binding Inhibiting(= Inhibition) Immunoglobulin
TBL; Terminal Bronchiole
TBLB; Trans-Bronchial Lung Biopsy
TBNA; Trans-Bronchial Needle Aspiration
TBPA; Thyroxine Binding PreAlbumin
TBW; Total Body Water; 몸의 총수분
TC, Tc; Tetra-Cycline
Tc cell; cytotoxic T cell
99mTc; radioactive Technetium(used in Brain Skull, Thyroid, Liver, Spleen, Bone & Lung scans)
TCA; Tri-Cyclic Antidepressants; 삼환계 항우울제
TCBS; Thiosulfate Citrate Bile salt Sucrose agar
TCC; Transitional Cell Cancer
TCP; Toxin Coregulated Pilus
TD;
1) Tumor Dose
2) Tetanus Diphtheria toxoid
TD; Tetanus & Diphtheria toxoids
TDF; Testicular-Determining Factor
= HY Factor
TDI; Toluene Di-Isocyanate
TDT, Tdt, TdT; Terminal deoxynucleotidal Transferase
TE; Time to Echo
Te; effective Half-Life
TEA; Thrombo-End-Arterectomy
TeBG; Testosterone-Binding Globulin
TEF; Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
? Tx
1. Infant Warmer
2. Head Down Position(Rickham's Board)
3. IV Therapy
4. Antibiotics
5. Suction in Upper Pouch
6. 수술은 대개 입원후 24 Hr 이내에 시행
TEN; Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
TENS; Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
TFM; Trans-Formational Migrane
TFT; Tri-Fluoro-Thymidine
TG; TriGlyceride
TGA; Transposition of Great Arteries
TGHA; Thyro-Globulin Hem-Agglutination
TGF; Transforming Growth Factor
Th cell; helper T cell(= T4 cell)
THA; Tetra-Hydro-Aminoacridine
TI; Tricuspid Insufficient
= TR
TIA; Transient Ischemic Attack; Temporary Interference with the blood supply to the brain
TIBC; Total Iron Binding Capacity
TID, tid, t.i.d; ter in die; three times a day; 하루 세번
TIG: (human) Tetanus Immune(Immuno-) Globulin; 파상풍 인간 면역 글로불린
TIL; Tumor Infiltrate Lymphocyte
tinct.; tinctura; tincture; 팅크제
TIPSS; Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stant, Shunt
TIQS; Tetrahydro-IsoQuinolones
TLC; Total Lung Capacity
TLE; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy; 측두엽 간질
= Psychomotor Epilepsy; 정신 운동 간질
= Temporolimbic Epilepsy; 측두 변연계 간질
TLI; Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity
TLV; Threshold Limit Value
TLV-C; Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
= MAC(Maximum Allowable Concentration)
; 잠시라도 폭로되어서는 안되는 량
TLV-STEL; Threshold Limit Value-STEL; 단시간 최대허용량
; 15분간 폭로되면서 자극증상, 조직손상등을 초래하지 않는 최대 농도, 1 일에 4회 이상이 되어서는 안되며 폭로와 폭로사이는 적어도 60 분의 간격을 두어야함
TLV-TWA; Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average
; 1 일 8 시간 주 40시간(미국), 주 48시간(한국, 일본)을 기준으로 한 평균농도
Tm; maximum Tubular Transport
TM joint; Temporo-Mandibular joint
TMA; Tri-Methoxy Amphetamine
TMP; Trimethoprim
TMP/SMX; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole(= Bactrim)
TMR; The Medical Record
TNF; Tumor Necrosis Factor; 종양 괴사 인자
TNM staging System; standard Tumor, NOde & Metastasis staging system
TOA; Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
TOC; Treatment Of Choice
TOF;
1) Tetralogy Of Fallot
? CIx of Corrective Op
1. LV Hypoplasia
2. Coronary Artery Anomaly
3. Pulmonary Artery Hypoplasia
2) Train of Four
TOPV; Trivalent Oral Polio(myelitis) Vaccine; 경구용 소아마비 혼합백신
TORCH; TOxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes, syphilis
Tp; Physical Half-Life
tPA; tissue Plasminogen Activator
TPHA test; Treponema Pallidum Hem-Agglutination test
TPI test; Treponema Pallidum Immobilization test
TPN; Total Parenteral Nutrition; 총정맥영양법
TPO; Thyroid Per-Oxidase
TPP;
1) Thiamine diPhos-Phate
2) Total Plasma Protein
TPR; Temperature, Pulse & Respiration; 온도, 맥박, 호흡
TR;
1) Tricuspid Regurgitation
= TI
2) Therapeutic Ratio
TRAP; Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
TRD; TRophoblast Disease
TRH; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
TRNB; Transient Respiratory distress of New Born
TRP; Tubular Reabsorption of Phosphate
T/RT; Tenderness/Rebound Tenderness
TS;
1) Tricuspid Stenosis
2) Tuberous Sclerosis
= Bourneville's Disease
3) Transferrin Saturation
Ts cell; suppressor T cell(= T8 cell)
TSA; Transsphenoidal Adenoidectomy(= Approach)
TSAb; Thyroid Stimulating Ab
TSCT; Thin Section Computed Tomography
= HRCT
TSD; Tay-Sachs Disease
TSEB; Total Skin Electron Beam
TSH; Thyrotropin(Thyroid) Stimulating Hormone
= Thyrotropin
TSHRF; Thyrotropin(Thyroid) Stimulating Hormone Releasing Factor
= Thyrotropin Releasing Factor
TSI;
1) Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin
2) Triple Sugar Iron agar
TSS; Toxic Shock Syndrome
TSST-1; Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1
= Enterotoxin type F
TT;
1) Thrombin Time
2) Transient Thyrotoxicosis
TTA; Trans-Tracheal Aspiration
TTN; Transient Tachypnea of Newborn; 신생아 일과성 빈호흡
= Wet Lung Disease; 부종폐증
= RDS-type II
TTNB; Transient Tachypnea of New Born
TTP; Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
TTT; Thymol Turbidity Test
TU; Tuberculin Unit
TUR; Trans-Urethral Resection; 경요도 절제술
TURP; Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate; 요도식 (전립선) 절제술
TV;
1) Tricuspid Valve
2) Tidal Volume
= VT
TVH; Trans-Vaginal Hysterectomy
T1 WI; T1 Weighted Image
T2 WI; T2 Weighted Image
2-CDA; 2-ChloroDeoxyAdenosine
2-DE; 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis
Tx; Treatment
U; Unit; 단위
U/A; UrinAalysis
UC;
1) Ulcerative Colitis
2) Uterine Contraction
U/C; Urine Culture
UCB; UnConjugated Bilirubin
U/D; Undifferentiated
UDC; Urso-Deoxy-Cholic acid
= UDCA
UDCA; Urso-Deoxy-Cholic Acid
= UDC
UDP; Uridine Di-Phosphate
U/E; Upper Extremity
UES; Upper Esophageal Sphincter; 상부 식도 괄약근
UESP; Upper Esophageal Sphincter Prssure
UGF; Urinary Gonadotropin Fragment
UGI; Upper Gastro-Intestinal
UGIS; Upper Gastro-Intestinal Series
UHT; Ultra High Temperature Pasteurization
; 우유를 88 ℃ 이상에서 순간적(1 sec 이상)으로 가열
UICC; Union Internationale Contrele Cancer
UIP; Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
UK; Uro-Kinase
ULQ; Upper Left Quadrant; 좌측상부 4분의 1
UMN; Upper Motor Neuron
UN; United Nations; 국제연합
UNESCO; United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization; 국제연합교육과학문화기구
ung.; unguentum; ointment; 연고
UNICEF; United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; 국제연합아동구호기금
UNTC; United Nations Trustee Council; 국제 연합신탁통치이사회
UO; Urine Output; 소변량
UP; Uremic Pericarditis
UPI; Utero-Placental Insufficiency
UPJ; Uretero-Pelvic Junction
UPP; Urethral Pressure Profile; 요도 내압
UPPP; Uvulo-Palato-Pharyngo-Plasty
URI; Upper Respiratory Infection; 상기도 감염
LRQ; Left Right Quadrant; 우측상부 4분의 1
URT; Upper Respiratory Tract
US; Ultra-Sonography
USG; Ultra-Sono-Graphy
USO; Unilateral Salping-Oophorectomy
USP; United States Pharmacopeial convention
= United States Pharmacopeia; 미국 약전
USP DI; United States Pharmacopeial convention Dispensing Information
USPHS; United States Public Health Service
USR; Unheated Serum Reagin
UTI; Urinary Tract Infection; 비뇨기계 감염
UVA; Ultra Violet A
UVB; Ultra Violet B
UW solution; University of Wisconsin solution
V.; Vibrio
V. Cholerae; 콜레라균
V. Parahaemolyticus; 장염비브리오
V. Proteus
V. Vulnificus
VA shunt; Ventriculo-Atrial shunt
VAB-6; Vinblastine, Actinomycin D, Bleomycin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide
VAN; Vein, Artery, Nerve의 순으로
VAS; Valvular Aortic Stenosis
VAT;
1) Ventricular Activation Time
2) Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy
VATER Associations;
Vertebral defects
Anal atresia
Tracheo-Esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia
Radial &/or Renal dysplasia Associations
VC; Vital Capacity
VCA; Viral Capsid Antigen
VCPI; Virtual Control Program Interface
VCU; Voiding Cysto-Urethrogram
= VCUG
VCUG; Voiding Cysto-Urethro-Gram
= VCU
VD, V.D.; Venereal Disease; 성병(性病)
Vd; Volume of Distribution; 분포용적
VDRE; Vitamin D Responsive Element
VDRL; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; 미국 성병 연구소
VDRL test; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (slide) test
VE;
1) Valve Endocarditis
2) Value Edition
3) Vaginal Examination
VEB; Ventricular Ectopic Beat
= PVC
VEP; Visual Evoked Potential
VER; Visual Evoked Response
VF;
1) Ventricular Fibrillation
? Tx of Ventricular Fibrillation a/c R on T Phenomenon
1. Defibrillation; 200 - 300 J
2. Drugs
1) Epinephrine
2) Lidocaine
3) Bicarbonate
4) Bretylium Tosylate
2) Vocal Fremitus
3) Visual Field
Vf;
1) Ventricular flutter
2) Visual field
VFD; Visual Field Defect
VGA; Video Graphic(s) Array
VH; Ventricular Hypertrophy
VHD; Valvular Heart Disease
VHL; Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
= Cerebelloretinal Hemangioblastomatosis
VI; Visual Identity
VIC; Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture
VIP; Vasoactive Intestinal (Poly)Peptide
VLCFA; Very Long Chain Fatty Acids
VLDL; Very Low Density Lipoprotein
VMA; Vanil(Vanillyl)-Mandelic Acid
v.o.; verbal order; 구두지시
VOR; Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
VP;
1) Variegate Porphyria; 발문상 Porphyria
2) Viral Protein
VP shunt; Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt
VP test; Voges-Proskauer test
VPB; Ventricular Premature Beat
VPC;
1) Ventricular Premature Contraction
2) Vertical Palmar Crease
VPDs; Ventricular Premature Depolarizations
V/S; Vital Signs; 활력증후
1. Body Temperature; 체온
2. Blood Pressure; 혈압
3. Heart Rate; 심박수
4. Respiratory; 호흡수
VSC; Voltage Sensitive Channel
VSD; Ventricular Septal Defect
? Types of VSD
1. Subpulmonic(= Supracristal) Type
2. Perimembranous(70 - 80 %); mc
TV의 Ant. Septal Commissure바로 밑에 생김
3. A-V Canal
4. Muscular
? Operation
1. Large VSD(Qp/Qs > 1.5 : 1)
2. Sx있을때
3. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
4. AR
* PVR; 5 - 8 μ/m2; Dx 즉시 Op.
> 10 μ/m2;Eisenmenger의미 Not Op.
VT; Ventricular Tachycardia
VT; Tidal Volume
= TV
VUR; Vesico-Urethral(Ureteral) Reflux
VU shunt; Ventriculo-Ureteral shunt
vWD; von Willebrand Disease
vWF; von Willebrand Factor
VZIG; Varicella Zoster Immuno-Globulin; 수두대상 포진 면역 글로불린
VZV; Varicella Zoster Virus
WAIS; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; 웩슬러 성인용 지능 검사
WAGR syndrome;
Wilms's Tumor
Aniridia
Genital Anomalies
Mental Deficiency syndrome
WBC, wbc; White Blood Cell (Count); 백혈구, 백혈구수
WBGT index; Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer index
= 0.7tw + 0.3k{(tg-ta)oK + ta}
ta; 건구온도
tg; 흑구온도
tw; 습구온도
oK; 태양열흡열계수
WDB; Withdrawl Delayed Bleeding
WDHA Syndrome; Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria Syndrome
= Pancreatic Cholera (Syndrome)
= VIPoma
= Verner-Morrison Syndrome
= Diarrheogenic Syndrome
WHO; World Health Organization; 세계보건기구
WHO ORS; World Health Organization Oral Rehydration Solution osmolality 330; 세계보건기구 경구 수액 용액
WISC; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; 웩슬러 소아용 지능 검사
WISC-R; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised; 웩슬러 소아용 지능 검사
WNL; Within Normal Limit(?)
WPPSI; Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence
WPW Syndrome ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
? CIx
1. Drugs; AV Conduction Block 초래, 오히려 Bypass Conduction을 조장하여 VF유발 가능한 약제들
1) Verapamil
2) Digitalis
3) Propranolol
? Tx
1. Hemodynamic Stable
1) Procainamide; DOC
2) Lidocaine
2. Hemodynamic Unstable
1) DC Cardioversion
wrt; with respect to
W/U; Work Up
Xi; inactive X Chromosome
XL;
1) X-Linked
2) Extra Large
XLP; X-Linked Lymphoproliferative
XLSA; X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia
YSR; Year Survival Rate
ZDV(= AZT); Zidovudine
ZES; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Z-E Syndrome; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
ZIFT; Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer
ZIG; Zoster Immuno-Globulin
ZPP; Zinc Proto-Porphyrin
dB; decibel; 음파의 전파 방향에 수직한 단위 면적을 단위시간에 통과하는 음의 에너지량 또는 음의 압력; 소리의 세기
P
= 20 log ???
Po
P; 측정한 음압
Po; 기준 음압; 2 x 10-5 N/m2
1 cm H2O = 0.1 kPa
1 Fr. = 0.33 mm
3 Fr. = 1 mm
1 inch = 1/12 feet, 2.54 cm
1 IU = 0.3 μg
= 0.025 μg
1 IU(Vit.D) = 0.0025 μg(Cholecalciferol)
1.4 Kbp = 1 M Dalton
1 Knot(노트) = 1 해리/Hr = 0.51 m/sec
1 kPa = 10 cm H2O
1 lb; 파운드; 무게의 단위
1. 상형(常衡); 16 ounces, 453 grams
2. 금형(金衡); 12 ounces, 373 grams
1 mmb = 760 mmHg
1 ng/ml = 1 μg/L
phon; 음의 크기의 수준; 음의 고저와 감도
; dB와 phon과의 관계는 주파수에 따라 달라지고 1,000 Hz에서 dB = phon이므로
; 1,000 Hz 기준으로 해서 나타낸 dB
1 Pint; n) 파인트(액량의 단위)
미국; 0.47 L
영국; 0.57 L
sone; 소음의 크기의 양적 단위; 감각량
1 sone; 1,000 Hz 의 순음이 40 dB일때
1 Telsa = 10,000 Gauss; 자석의 세기
1 해리 = 1852 m
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